指界

第一个是指电信界和计算界的融合，后者还被称为信息技术（挨踢行业）。

The first is the convergence between the worlds of telecoms and computing , otherwise known as information technology ( IT ) .

学术失范是指学术界的某些方面存在着缺乏规范，或有规不依或规范本身不合理，从而贻害学术事业的现象。

Lack of criteria , disobedience to the existing criteria , and the existence of some unreasonable criteria will do harm to the academic field .

前者指涉现象界，后者指涉本体界。

While the former signifies the realm of phenomena , the latter signifies the realm of noumenon .

所谓语境差，指在同一界域内，语境各要素间的不平衡状态。

The so-called contextual misplacing , means that the imbalance state is among every key element of the context , in the same circle intra-area .

下指是回指的标记形式；对第三人称下指，学界甚至存在争议。

Cataphora is the marked equivalent of anaphora . There is even a dispute on whether there is cataphora .