共同诉讼

二是我国现有共同诉讼制度存在哪些理论与实务障碍；

What obstacles are there about theory and practice in joint action ?

从性质上讲该类诉讼应属于一种普通的共同诉讼。

In nature such proceedings shall belong to a common joint action .

美国加利福尼亚州、纽约、伊利诺斯州的共同诉讼代表着美国数以百万计的iPhone用户。

All the US lawsuits - filed in U.S. District Courts in California , New York and Illinois - seek class-action to represent potentially millions of iPhone owners nationwide .

自认人包括当事人、诉讼代理人、共同诉讼人和第三人。

Self-admissioner includes parties , representatives , common litigators and third parties .

必要共同诉讼的理论误区与制度重构

Theoretical Misunderstanding and Institutional Reshaping of Necessary Joint Action

该部分通过对我国现有共同诉讼制度存在问题的分析，为共同诉讼制度的推陈出新提供一个客观而谨慎的基础。

The foresaid analysis supplies objective base for a new system of joint action .

有学者主张对于连带责任诉讼提出了准必要共同诉讼理论。

Some scholars advocate that joint and several liability lawsuit applies to quasi-joint action .

类似必要共同诉讼人的地位表现在他们之间的牵连性与独立性。

The status of the parties in such action is involvement and independence among them .

同时，文章结合前述定义对共同诉讼的特征和分类也作了论述。

Meanwhile , the Chapter also covers its characters and classification along with its definition .

其中，最基本诉讼形式有单独诉讼、共同诉讼和群体诉讼三种。

Among them , separate action , joint action and group action are three basic methods .

共同诉讼律师被赋予太多地权力，而股东权利是如此之少。

Class-action lawyers have been allowed to wield too much power , and shareholders too little .

本文是分三大部分对类似必要共同诉讼制度进行论述的。

This paper is divided into three parts to similar necessary joint action systems are discussed .

我国必要共同诉讼的制度和实践存在不少问题。

There are many problems of the system and practice of necessary joint action in our country .

论证了如何重构适应我国实践需求的必要共同诉讼制度，并就其程序规则进行改革和完善。

It discusses how to reconstruct the necessary joint action and how to improve the procedural rules .

第四章对我国必要共同诉讼制度的改革与完善提出了建议。

Chapter four proposes the advices to innovate and perfect the system of the necessary joint action .

必要共同诉讼制度是民事诉讼法学研究的热门话题，也是难题。

Necessary joint action is a hot topic of Civil Action research , also a difficult problem .

认为有必要规定共同诉讼中的缺席审判，并对必要共同诉讼和普通共同诉讼中的缺席处理进行了阐述。

The writer thinks that default judgments of necessary joint action and ordinary joint action shall be provided .

无论是在单独诉讼还是共同诉讼，系统性偏袒均严重地阻碍投资者诉权的行使。

The systemic bias prevents the dispersed investors from exercising their litigation rights in both single and joint actions .

人民法院认为可以合并审理的，为共同诉讼

A joint suit shall be constituted when the people 's court considers that the cases can be handled together

共同诉讼案件将可能让谷歌分配并售出自己已获版权的可视出版书。

It has been criticised because some say it would give Google too much power to set book prices .

文章第二部分解决的是我国现有共同诉讼制度存在哪些理论与实务障碍的问题。

The second part tries to discuss what the obstacles about theory and practice are in joint action in china .

第二章讨论的是必要共同诉讼制度，文章循着逐一解决实践问题的思路展开。

The first sort is necessary joint action . The Chapter develops the discussion following a thought to solve practical matters .

但我国的共同诉讼制度却因存在许多问题而阻碍了其功能的有效发挥。

However , many problems existing in the system of joint action in China have hindered the effective work of its functions .

然而，我国现行的共同诉讼与代表人诉讼制度却很难有效的解决群体性消费者纠纷。

However , the consumer groups ' disputes cannot be effectively solved by the current system of joint action and representative action .

本部分在前文分析的基础之上，具体论述了我国共同诉讼制度的完善途径。

On the basis of the analysis of the previous section , this section specifically discusses the improvement of our common litigation system .

依照类似必要共同诉讼的性质，法官不能够依职权追加未参诉讼的当事人进行诉讼。

Judges should not append parties who do not join the action ex officio according to the nature of the similar necessary joint action .

许多商界人士认为美国的法律制度以其惩罚性监狱条款和共同诉讼，甚至比萨班斯-奥克雷法案更不利于他们。

Many businessmen regard America 's legal system , with its punitive jail terms and class-action lotteries , even less favourably than they view Sarbanes-Oxley .

二是传统理论研究的欠缺。文章分别从必要共同诉讼当事人追加问题和普通共同诉讼适用条件问题两方面进行了论述。

Second , the traditional lack of theoretical research , which includes the addition of party in necessary co-litigation and the conditions of ordinary co-litigation .

随着经济社会的发展，共同诉讼在纠纷解决机制中发挥着越来越大的作用，日益受到各国的重视。

With the development of economy , joint litigation is more and more important in resolving dispute and is regarded highly by every country gradually .

连带债务诉讼，学说以及实务操作上存在类似必要共同诉讼说、普通共同诉讼说以及准必要共同诉讼说等观点。

There are three opinions in the academic research and practice , which are analogous necessary joint action , permissive joint action and quasi & necessary joint action .