认知

这种态度如果不能反映内心的认知和把握就毫无价值。

Such attitudes are valueless unless they reflect inner cognition and certainty .

这段对滑旱冰的描述表明了态度的三个组成要素:情感、认知和行为。

This description of roller-skating illustrates the three components of an attitude : affect , cognition , and behavior .

知识的点滴增长都会增进我们对世界的认知。

Each increment of knowledge tells us more of our world .

孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。

As children grow older , their cognitive processes become sharper .

她只能间接地认知这个世界。

She can know the world only at several removes .

第四，我们必须避免首鼠两端一端是保护主义的真小人而另一端是自由主义的假道学。（典型的认知不协调）。

Fourth , we must avoid both protectionism and false pieties .

但是平均五年之后，那些积极参与社交活动的老人则降低了认知力减退的比率。

Over an average of five years , however , those who were more socially active showed reduced rates of cognitive decline .

2013年，美国国家安全局前承包商爱德华·J·斯诺登披露了美国政府拉拢某些技术公司，并侵入其他技术公司以获取大规模的私人数据，此后，技术行业巨头开始形成把美国政府视为敌对方的认知。

After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale , tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor .

对于像皮亚杰这样的认知学家来说，成年意味着一份职业的开始。

To cognitive researchers like Piaget , adulthood meant the beginning of an occupation .

我们关于某对象的知识构成了态度的认知要素。

The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude .

除此之外，你也可以每隔90分钟进行一次认知休息，以使自己恢复精力。

In addition , you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries .

苏塞克斯大学认知科学教授、人工智能先驱玛格丽特·博登对这场讨论表示赞扬。

AI pioneer Margaret Boden , professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex , praised the progress of such discussions .

新研究发现，那些可能无法将自己内心独白深埋于心的人实际上更有可能完成任务，注意力更集中，并表现出较高的认知能力。

New research says that those who can 't seem to keep their inner monologues in are actually more likely to stay on task , remain focused better and show improved perception capabilities .

斯坦福大学从事贫穷和教育不平等研究的教授肖恩·里尔登指出:“早期童年经历会对儿童在社会、情感和认知方面的长期发展产生很大影响。

Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children 's long-term social , emotional and cognitive development , said Sean Reardon , professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University . "

能够进行社交的机器人对孤独和认知功能有所帮助，但是机器人本身不必直接参与——它可以作为人类交流的中介。

Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning , but the robot itself doesn 't have to engage directly — it can serve as an intermediary for human communication .

研究表明，当我们为了教别人而吸收信息时，我们学得更准确和更深入，也许部分原因是我们正在参与我们的社会认知。

Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else , we learn it more accurately and deeply , perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition .

但是,虽然人们知道大家对"黑人"和"非裔美国人"的看法存在不同,但是研究人员至今仍未确定这种认知上的差距是从何而来的。

But if it was known that " Black " people were viewed differently from " African Americans , " researchers , until now , hadn 't identified what that gap in perception was derived from .

而缺乏恢复期——不管是由于脑子里想着工作而无法安心睡觉，还是因为总是盯着手机而产生持续不断的认知唤醒——会导致我们的企业每年损失620亿美元的生产力。

And lack of recovery — whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones — is costing our companies $ 62 billion a year in lost productivity .

伦敦大学学院的认知神经学家萨拉-杰恩·布莱克莫尔在去年发表了一篇评论中写道:“在教育领域冒险是一项至关重要的技能，它能够促进发展和创新。”

" Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity , " wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore , a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London , in a review published last year .

我们的研究将使用来自一个大医疗公司的大型企业数据集来检验科技是如何延长我们的工作时间，从而干扰了必要的认知恢复，导致了巨额的医疗费用和企业营业成本。

Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery , resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers .

十多年前,当时在范德比尔特大学工作的认知科学家约翰·布兰斯福德和丹尼尔·施瓦茨发现,年轻人与儿童的区别不在于保留事实或将先前的知识应用于新情况的能力,而在于一种他们称之为"为未来学习做好准备"的品质。

More than a decade ago , cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz , both then at Vanderbilt University , found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called " preparation for future learning . "

研究者目前正在分析该研究的参与者的健康状况和生活方式，以确认哪些因素可能会影响与年龄有关的认知变化。

The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants ' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes .

研究人员推测，手艺活动促进了大脑神经通路的发展，有助于保持认知健康。

The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health .

总的来说，索尔特豪斯和他的同事发现，某些认知能力通常在人接近三十岁到三十几岁这段时间开始衰退。

In general , Salthouse and his colleagues found , certain aspects of cognition generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s .

达夫勒说，应对记忆缺失最好的办法就是通过建立自己大脑的认知储备来努力预防。

And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain 's cognitive reserve , Daffner says .

尽管如此，在线的认知行为治疗项目越来越受到欢迎，因为它可以在任何有电脑的地方为人们提供低成本的帮助，这一点非常具有吸引力。

However , online CBT programs have been gaining popularity , with the attraction of providing low-cost help wherever someone has access to a computer .

但即使人们能够在经济上支持自己65岁退休，30多年不工作也会对认知和情感活力造成伤害。

But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65 , over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive and emotional vitality .

四个月后，使用电脑化认知行为治疗方式的病人在抑郁程度的改善上并未超过只接受医生常规治疗的病人。

After four months , the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors .

尽管只能认知健康的人才有可能从事这样的活动，但那些阅读报纸、杂志。

Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities , those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits .

索尔特豪斯说:“通过对研究对象长时间的跟踪观察，我们深入了解了脑部认知的变化，并可能发现减缓衰退速度的方法。”

" By following individuals over time , " Salthouse said , " we gain insight in cognition changes , and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline . "