女真族

金朝（1115-1234年）是公元十二世纪初由女真族在中国北方建立的王朝。

Jin Dynasty was established by Jurchen in northern China in the early years of 12th century .

元末明初女真族的迁徙活动主要分为两个阶段进行，第一阶段从元朝末年到明朝初年。

Jurchen migration activities at Yuan Mo Ming Chu are divided into two stages , first stage , from the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty .

女真族的祖先很早就生活在长白山和黑龙江流域。

The ancestors of the Nuzhen had first lived in the Changbai Mountains and the Heilongjiang River valley .

从此，在与女真族建立的后金的对峙中，明朝处于被动地位。

Since then , the Ming court fell into a passive state in confrontation with the'Latter Jin'set up by Nuzhen ethnic minority .

辽王朝统治时期，辽宁境内出现了民族杂居的局面，既有汉族，又有契丹族和奚族，还有渤海族和女真族。

In Liao Dynasty , there were several nations living together , such as : Han , Qidan , Xi , Bohai and Nvzhen .

公元1101年，辽天柞帝即位，此时随着女真族的兴起，辽国的统治逐渐受到威胁。

In 1101 , when Emperor of Tian Zuo came into power , Liao was progressively threatened by Jin of Nuzhen , their rising neighbor .

1115年，女真族伟大的首领完颜阿骨打创立了一个新的朝代——金并自立为帝。

In 1115 , the great headman of the Nu zhen tribe Wanyan Aguda established a new dynasty ---- the Jin Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor .

12世纪初期，女真族的不同部落共同组成了一个巨大的军队联盟，完颜部是其中的核心。

The various tribes of the Nuzhen organized themselves into a large military federation at the beginning of the 12th century , with the Wanyan tribe at its core .

以渔猎为基本生产方式的是居住在潢河（西拉木仑河）、土河之间的契丹族以及东北部女真族等。

The fishing-hunting zone covered the Khitan Tartars9 area between the Huang River ( Xar Moron ) and Tuhe rivers , and the Nuzhen peopled area in the northeast and so on .

这样，在明朝政府的大力招抚政策背景之下，为了躲避蒙古等族的不断侵扰，女真族开始了长达百年的迁徙活动。

Thus Under the strong protection by the Ming government policy context , in order to avoid the intrusion of Mongolia and other nationalities , Jurchen began a hundred years of migration activities .

12世纪左右，由于一系列问题、自然灾害以及东北部女真族的积极发展，辽朝的缓慢衰落加快了。

Around the 12th century , the empire 's slow decline sped up as a result of succession problems , natural disasters , and the positive progress of the Jurchen in the north east .

摘要公元11-12世纪初，女真族崛起于黑龙江流域，建立了大金政权，黑龙江流域出现了历史上的又一次经济大发展时期，其中农业和手工业方面表现得尤为突出。

The Nuzhen nationality rose unexpectedly and established the Jin regime in Heilongjiang valley , during the11th and12th century , where the economy underwent a fast development , especially in agriculture and handcraft industry .

因此说，女真族的迁徙活动不仅加速了女真族的统一，推动了满族共同体的形成，更为清代女真族的再度崛起奠定了基础。

Thus , to say , Migration of Jurchen not only accelerated the unification of the Community to promote the formation of the Manchu nationality , but also laid the foundation for the re-emergence of Qing Dynasty .

金代正处于中国封建历史的巨大变革时期，其统治疆域内民族众多，社会发展极不平衡，女真族的封建化进程对金代女性政治生活的影响复杂而深远。

It existed in the historical revolution of the feudal period in China . It ruled a multi-national area , social development was unbalanced . The development of feudal society had a complexes influence upon women ' political life .

而女真族的传统狩猎经济的根基并未摧毁，此时的开发尚处于初级阶段，东北地区仍然地旷人稀，山饶水美。

The Nv zhen tribe ' foundation of the traditional hunting economy was not destroyed , then it was still at the initial stage of development , the Northeast region who are still rich in the mountain and the river .

这一时期的女真族通过迁徙，由原来的血缘氏族部落逐步发展到稳定的地域部族集团，在经过重新集结和组合之后，于明朝初年形成了建州女真、海西女真和野人女真三大族群。

After migration Jurchen has changed from the original tribal progressive development of blood to the stability of the regional tribal groups , after re-assembly and combinations , Jurchen turn to be three large ethnic grope in the early Ming Dynasty .

北方女真族所建的金国崛起，宋室为了收复燕云诸州，便联金灭辽，但其弱点也为金国所洞悉。

To recover the sixteen states of Youyun , the Northern Song sent an emissary to the state of Jin to negotiate an agreement for a joint attack on the Liao . However , the resort also exposed its weakness to Jin .

金时，农业、手工业和商业都得到了发展，但各地区的经济发展存在很大差异，虽然保留和吸收了女真族的某些文化传统，但基本上是继承辽、宋的汉族文化。

The farming , handicrafts and commerce flourished , but different areas achieved varying degrees of social and economic development in Jin . Although some features of traditional Nuzhen culture were inherited by the Jin , it was the Han culture and Liao culture that dominated the Jin society .

女真族建立的金朝统治中国北方长达120年之久，其文化的恢复和发展，在中国文化史上占有重要的地位。

The Jin Dynasty was established by the N ü zhen Nationality . The Jin Dynasty governed the north of China for 120 years . In this dynasty , its culture can restore with the exhibition quickly , and held the important status in the cultural history of China .

在辽统治初期，它还处于原始氏族形态，但随着人口的增加与铁器的大量使用，使其快速发展起来，到辽末年，女真族已成为北方一支不可小觑的力量。

The Nuzhen was in preliminary clan stage at the beginning of the Liao and then it grew quickly with the using of the iron tools and expansion of the population . Towards the end of the Liao , Nuzhen developed strong enough . After its Wanyan tribe established a tribal union , all its tribes quickly got unified .