负外部效应

矿产资源具有不可再生性，随着开采量不断增加会逐渐枯竭。同时，在现有技术和制度的局限下，可能还会表现出负外部效应，所以资源型产业转型是势在必行。

The mineral deposit is bound to depletion with the advance of mining itself as well as its non-renewable property . At the same time , it May be also exhibit negative externalities while the technical and institutional limitations , so the Mineral industry reconstruction is inevitable .

浅析塑料袋的负外部效应与外部效应内在化

On the Negative Externalities of Plastic Bags with the Internalization of Externalities

北京市农田生产的负外部效应价值评价

Value evaluation of negative external effect in Beijing City farmland production

城市交通污染产生的根源在于城市交通的负外部效应。

The external negative effects of urban traffic is the root cause for urban traffic pollution .

政府对出租车市场管制的主要目的是为了弥补过度竞争、负外部效应和信息非对称性所造成的市场失灵。

The main purpose of the taxi market regulation is to make up for market failure .

文章分析了风景名胜区行政割据造成的负外部效应，并就产权安排的创新提出了自己的看法。

The paper analyses negative externalities that administration division bring and put forward opinions on property right innovation .

融资脆弱性直接影响到非营利组织的独立性、组织安全，具有显著的负外部效应。

Fundraising fragility affects directly the independence , security of NPOs , which possess distinct and negative " external effects " .

金融市场的失灵表现为金融市场上可能存在的不完全竞争、负外部效应和信息的不对称等。这就为中央银行或政府部门介入金融市场进行监管提供了理论依据。

This provides theoretical support for the intervention of the Central Bank or the Governments in the market from perspective of economics .

外部性理论认为为了消除环境污染引起的负外部效应，就应该对产生负外部效应的单位征税或收费。

In external theory it is considered that tax or fee should be imposed of who produced minus external effect to offset it .

只有通过一系列旨在增加控股股东攫取私人收益成本的制度建设，才能抑制其行为的负外部效应，激发正外部效应。

It can be restrained only by constructing a series of systems to increase the cost of controlling shareholders " private profits " .

首先，分析了当专利权人对竞争性产业进行许可时所可能产生的负外部效应，考察了外部效应下许可证的最优拍卖机制。

On the first place , we analyze the negative externality induced by licensing . Based on it an optimal auction mechanism is provided .

接下来进一步介绍了具有负外部效应广告的分类，巨大的危害性，监管的必要性。

Next , there are further information on the classification of the negative external effects of advertising , great dangers and the need for regulation .

应用福利经济学相关理论从理论和实践两方面对土地整理的负外部效应进行分析，并提出相应的对策建议。

Applying theories of welfare economics , this paper analyses the negative exterior effects of land consolidation in terms of theory and practice and puts forward some countermeasures .

正如伊辛在1999年所说的，“不救助条款”是为了防止“某国不当行为造成的负外部效应”蔓延到其它成员国。

As Mr issing said in 1999 , the no bail-out clause was meant to prevent the " negative external effects of national misbehaviour " from spilling over elsewhere .

国际税收竞争正在成为经济全球化时代各国最大化本国经济利益的重要方式，它具有广泛的域外负外部效应，需要国际法规范予以调节。

As an important mean of a country to maximize its national economic benefits , international tax competition need to be regulated by international law for its broad external negative effects .

随着城市化的推进和工业的发展，工伤正逐渐演变成一种工业灾害，已发展成为一种负外部效应极强的社会风险和社会问题。

With urbanization and industrial development , Industrial injury is gradually evolved into an industrial disaster . It has developed into social risks and social problems , being of strong negative external effects .

将京郊农田生产作为一项经济活动，采用多种生态、环境经济学的评价方法，评价了北京郊区农田生产的负外部效应价值。

The negative external effect value of farmland production in Beijing suburbs was evaluated adopting many kinds of ecological and environmental economics methods using Beijing suburbs farmland production as an item of economic activity .

转轨时期，商业银行信贷资金流动性操作所滋生出的信贷资金流动性负外部效应及流动性悖论等现实问题，阻碍着货币供应的调控效应。

During the transformation , some realistic problems such as liquidity negative external effect and liquidity paradox resulted from the operation of credit loan fund liquidity in commercial banks have hindered adjusting effect of money supply .

此举的目的在于，让各国采取的措施发挥最大作用，同时将负外部效应减到最小，例如，一个国家实施全面存款担保可能会不利于其它国家银行的稳定。

The aim is to maximise the impact of moves taken by individual nations and minimise the scope for negative spillovers for instance , the risk that blanket deposit guarantees in one country destabilises banks in others .

由于林业公用品的存在，在传统的经营方式下形成正外部效应公用品供给不足，负外部效应公用品难以扼制的态势。

Because there exists the forestry public goods , the positive external effect of it is insufficient and it is difficult to control the negative external effect of the forestry public goods by using the traditional management method .

群租是指居住拥挤并产生较大负外部性效应的居住现象。

Renting in groups refers to the housing phenomenon of living crowded and having bigger negative externalities .

耕地是一种重要的公共资源，具有公共物品的属性，耕地利用会产生正的与负的外部效应。

Cultivated land is an important public resource with the attributes of public goods , while it has positive and negative externalities .

自然资源产权关系长期界定不清，产权制度安排不够合理，从而导致资源粗放经营、低效配置、资源质量下降、环境污染加剧等一系列负的外部效应发生，影响了资源的可持续利用。

Property right of natural resources has been unclear and property right arrangements less than proper , which results in extensive management , inefficient allocation , decreasing quality of resources as well as pollution , and limits the sustainable utilization of resources .

化肥作为粮食生产的投入要素之一，有利于粮食增收，但随着化肥投入的逐年增加，化肥投入虽然增加了粮食的供给，但其对环境负的外部效应也逐渐彰显。

As one of the inputs elements of grain production , fertilizer plays an important role in grain income . However , with increasing of chemical fertilizer inputs , the external effects of fertilizer inputs show obviously gradually while food supply increases .

赎回投资者的潜在收益高于其他基金投资者的平均累积未实现收益，其赎回行为对其他投资者存在负向的外部效应，反之，赎回行为则对其他投资者存在正向的外部效应。

Supposing that the potential income of redeeming investors is higher than the average accumulated unrealized income of fund investors , the external effect of redeeming behavior is negative to other investors .