诸侯国

《周礼》在汉代最初名为《周官》，它搜集了周王朝及各诸侯国官制，同时糅合儒家的政治理想汇编而成。

It collected various systems of Zhou Dynasty and all Vassal state and was compiled and mixed with Confucian political ideals .

为达到强己兼人的目的，各主要诸侯国先后进行了不同程度的变革。

In order to strengthen self and merger the others , each major vassal state developed different revolutions to different degree at the period .

邦交在各诸侯国的发展过程中起着非常重要的作用。

Diplomacy had much function in each development process of various states .

力量强大的诸侯国一面不断吞并弱小的国家，一面争夺霸权。

Strong states annexed weak ones and contended for hegemony over all the others .

各诸侯国为了自己的边境，分别修筑更多的城墙。

More walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms .

周朝的君主维持了超过两个世纪对其诸侯国的统治。

The Zhou kings maintained control over their vassals for more than two centuries .

历史上曾有20多个诸侯国和朝代

As many as 20 principalities and dynasties

最后，非攻主要是反对诸侯国之间的不义之战，认为战争于人于己都有不利。

Last , negating attack means that the unjust wars are bad for both sides .

晋国是春秋时期一个非常重要的诸侯国，春秋时期的几次大战几乎都有晋国的参与。

It is an important chapter of Spring and Autumn period that Jin seek hegemony .

本文拟在结合传世文献、古文字等材料的基础上，对周王室与诸侯国关系的演变进行探讨。

The relation between Zhou imperial court and kingdoms ruled by ducks and princes is complicated .

周平王东迁后，一些诸侯国社会经济迅速发展。

After the eastward move of King Ping , some vassal states progressed in social economy .

小的诸侯国修建城墙

Some kingdoms built huge walls

后来，勾践在徐州会见各诸侯国国君成为霸主。

Later , King Gou Jian met the dukes in Xuzhou and gained hegemony among the states .

民族问题是西周初年周王朝和各主要诸侯国面临的最严重的问题，周王朝为处理民族问题，既提出了一般性原则和方针；

Ethnic problems are the toughest problems faced with Zhou Dynasty and the major dukedoms in early Zhou Dynasty .

战国时期（公元前403―221年中国中原地区各诸侯国连年争战的时代）魏国有个名叫更羸的人。

In the Warring States Period , there was a man in the State of Wei called Geng Lei .

自291年起，八位诸侯国的首领不断挑起彼此之间的战争。

From 291 onwards , eight dukes of the royal family stirred up a series of wars against each other .

战国时期，诸侯国之间相互兼并，国家统一的趋势愈来愈明显。

During the warring period , the vassal states were merger and this trend of reunification of the states become apparently .

这一时期，王室衰微，周天子没有力量继续维持统治秩序，各诸侯国以力相争，政出方伯，五霸迭兴，社会进入分裂动乱状态，这就给周边少数民族以发展的机会。

The king of Zhou had not power to keep order , the society came into the split and disorder period .

春秋时期周王室与诸侯国关系研究

A Study on the Relation between Zhou Imperial Court and Kingdoms Ruled by Ducks and Princes in Spring and Autumn Period

宋国是殷商后裔的封国，在春秋时期是一个比较特殊的诸侯国。

Song state , as an offspring of Shang Dynasty , is a more special state in Spring and Autumn Period .

周代令书的制作权最初是由最高统治者天子、诸侯国由诸侯所掌握。

During the early Zhou Dynasty , the power to compose the documents of official orders lay only in the supreme ruler .

据史料记载，在此期间，共有36国王被杀，52诸侯国被消灭。

According to historical records , during this period , a total of thirty-six kings were killed and fifty-two vassal states were demolished .

这一时期，各诸侯国之间的兼并战争不断深化并逐渐向大一统迈进。

During this period , the princes of the country between the merger war continued to deepen and gradually to the unification of stride .

其衰亡既有自身不适应社会发展需要的原因，也有诸侯国统一战争的必然。

Their decline and demise own to their unfit to social development , also it is the unavoidable result of unifying wars among princedoms .

巴、楚两国是东周时期南方的两个重要诸侯国，两国地理位置毗邻，交往频繁。

Ba and Chu , which close geographically and exchange frequently , are two important kingdoms in southern China during the Eastern Zhou Period .

战国末年，诸侯国之间的贸易极为重要，为繁荣经济、文化的发展做出了巨大贡献。

The inter-state trade was of great importance and contributed to the cultural and economic flourishing at the end of the Warring States era .

北方各诸侯国因为这次会议国上了太平的日子，可南方的吴国和越过却又大了起来。

While the Northern States enjoyed a temporary peace after the meeting , the southern states of Wu and yue , however embroiled in war .

政治背景是：春秋时期，周王室的威严已经一落千丈，中原各诸侯国之间斗争激烈，都想做中原霸主。

Political background is : the spring and autumn period , royal majesty has collapsed , all want to be fierce struggle of central overlords .

战国时期，各诸侯国的变法活动确立了集权专制的统治秩序。

In the Warring States Period , the activities of the legal changes of the vassal states had established the dominant order of totalitarian autocracy .

特别是在调解诸侯国关系、树立其形象方面，诚信伦理得到了普遍重视。

Especially in the respects of mediating in the relationship among marquises states and building up its image , the honest ethics got much weight commonly .