拥堵成本

而新兴市场受较高的拥堵成本和技术成本的影响，必须把发展公共交通放在首位，私家车放到次要地位。

Emerging markets , squeezed by high congestion and technology costs , must prioritize mass transit over personal transportation .

接着对机动车拥堵成本进行理论分析，确定了成本的影响要素和形成机理。

Subsequently making theory analyze on motor traffic congestion costs , confirming the factors and formation mechanism of costs .

但就是这同一份报告还发现，来自与运输食品相关的交通拥堵成本远远大于其气候成本：每年超过50亿英镑。

But the same report finds that the congestion costs from food-related traffic are much worse than its climate costs : over ? 5bn a year .

而目前我国对于城市道路交通拥堵成本的测算方法仍然存在一些不足，受限于统计数据的局限性在测算过程中忽略了部分影响因素的影响。

At present , cost estimation methods of urban road traffic congestion still has some shortcomings , subject to the limitations of statistical data , we ignore some of the factors in the calculation process .

最后以北京市为例，结合居民出行数据和机动车路网相关信息，进行基于出行心理调查问卷的拥堵额外时间成本和基于工资率的拥堵额外时间成本的计算与比较，最终提出缓解交通的建议。

At last , the paper take Beijing as an example , combining the data of road networks information , making calculation and comparision between congestion extra time costs based on investigation questionaire and wage ratio , putting forwards to some suggestion about alleviating traffic finally .