贸易成本

主要借鉴Kancs（2007）的理论框架并结合中国实际情况，采用面板数据进行实证研究，考察出口市场规模、贸易成本、生产率、多边阻力、外商直接投资和金融危机因素对二元边际的影响机制。

We draw on Kancs ( 2007 ) theoretical framework and current status of China and use panel data to carry on the empirical research to investigate the impact mechanisms of export market scale , trade cost , productivity , multilateral resistance , FDI and economic shock on dual margins .

影响产业集聚的因素包括地方需求、产品差别化、市场关联和贸易成本。

Elements which influence industrial accumulation include local demand , product differentiation , market link and trade cost .

这些都是一些比较传统的研究。而基于新经济地理学视角下的贸易成本对FDI区位选择的影响研究却少有人关注。

However these are all old-fashioned research , seldom are there any studies conducted from the perspective of New Economic Geography .

贸易成本的变化对均衡结果产生了相对最初的CP模型更加渐进的变化。

The changes of trade costs cause the equilibrium outcome to vary more gradually than those in the basic models .

两国的国际贸易成本将大大节省；

The costs of the international trade will be cut down .

贸易成本的变化是影响制造业空间聚集的重要因素；

Cost of trade is important to special conglomeration of manufacturing .

结果表明，中国与东盟成员国的双边贸易成本都有明显下降。

The results show that bilateral trade between China and ASEAN have obviously decreased .

不断发展的互联网金融业有助于降低贸易成本，使投资变得更方便。

Growing Internet finance industry has helped reduce trade costs and made investment easier .

以电子商务实现武钢国际贸易成本管理初探

Preliminary probe to realization of cost management in international trade of WISCO via E-C system

区域对外贸易成本的差异，促进了国内制造业向沿海地区聚集；

As for China , manufacturing conglomerates to coastal area because of the low cost of foreign trade .

在此基础上，本文提出在不同贸易成本范围下的关税升级政策选择。

In the end , the paper gives trade escalation policies suggestion according to different trade cost level .

贸易成本的研究是目前国内外理论界研究的热点之一。

It becomes one of the hot issues to research into in the theory circles at home and abroad .

本章最后模拟预测了不同类型贸易成本对扩展边际的具体作用。

Finally , the chapter predicts the specific role of the different types of trade cost in extensive margin .

但由于总部倾向于集聚在一个地区，对于一定水平的贸易成本，对称的均衡是不稳定的。

While headquarters tend to agglomerate , the symmetrical equilibrium is not stable for a certain level of trade costs .

环境规制主要通过贸易成本效应和贸易技术效应共同作用于产业出口贸易。

The " trade cost effect " and " trade technique effect " of environmental regulation affect industrial export trade together .

现代化物流产业的发展必将加快资本周转，大大降低生产和贸易成本。

The development of modem logistics is sure to expedite the capital turnover and greatly reduce the manufacture and trade cost .

据天津开发区海关官员介绍，保税工厂降低了贸易成本，提高了贸易效益。

According to officials of Tianjin 's development zone Customs , bonded factories have cut down trade costs and improved trade benefits .

将不良制度和制度距离作为隐形贸易成本的两个来源，本文建立了一个包含制度变量的扩展引力模型。

By incorporating inferior institution and institutional distance as two sources of implicit trade cost , this paper establishes an extended gravity model .

当贸易成本很低时，资本流动有利于企业在工资成本低的区域形成产业聚集。

When trade cost is very low , capital flow is advantageous to the enterprise forms industrial agglomeration in the low cost region .

它的开放性、全球性、地域性、低成本和高效率等特征可以使其大幅度降低贸易成本，提高贸易效率，扩大贸易额。

Its inner characteristics such as global , regional , low cost and high efficiency make it easier to improve the international trade flows .

“降低贸易成本并使其大大低于关税和其他贸易壁垒造成的成本还是有很多机会的，”他说。

" There are opportunities to cut costs of trade far in excess of those imposed by tariffs and other trade barriers ," he said .

贸易成本的变化影响产业空间聚集，促进国内产业向中西部地区聚集。

The changes in trade costs influence on the spatial aggregation of the industries and promote the domestic industries to gather in the central and west regions .

而当前关于贸易成本的度量主要指的是狭义的经济成本，而没有考虑广义的生态环境成本。

Narrowly speaking , the current measure of the trade costs mainly refers to the economic costs , without considering the ecological costs in a broad sense .

其次，在华盛顿苹果效应假设条件下，由地理距离产生的贸易成本与中间产品的技术等级有关。

Secondly , under the condition of "' Washington apples effect ", impact of distance on trade cost is related to the technology degree of intermediate goods .

在不考虑其他贸易成本的情况下，有效关税保护理论认为关税升级能够在较低的关税水平下保护下游产业，但该结论是不完整的。

Excluding other trade cost , theory of effective rate of tariff protection considers that tariff escalation can protect downstream industry even at a low tariff level .

当贸易成本充分低时，垄断竞争的下游产业生产部门在工资率低的区域形成资本驱动型的产业聚集。

When trade cost is fully low , the downstream industry production department of monopoly-competition form industrial agglomeration of capital driving in the low wage rate region .

当贸易成本居中时，资本（进而产业）的移动存在多点短期均衡，但长期来看，这种均衡是不稳定的。

When trade cost is mediacy , capital ( then industry ) flow has the multi-spot balance in short-term , but in long-term , this balanced is unstable .

本地市场效应是指，如果一个世界中存在报酬递增和贸易成本，那么那些相对来说本国需求更大的国家将会出口更多的产品。

The home market effect is to point , if a world exist increasing returns and trade cost , then those relatively greater demand their country will export more products .

电子商务在降低国际贸易成本、提高交易效率、减轻对实物基础设施的依赖、提高客户满意度等方面具有传统贸易方式无可比拟的优势。

E-commerce has the unique advantage of lowering the cost of international trade operations , improving the efficiency of transactions , lightening the dependence of infrastructure , and improving customer satisfaction .

第二章介绍了现有贸易成本的测度方法和分类方法，分别给予评价并对现有分类方法进行改进。

In the second part , we introduce and give assessment to the existing measurement methods and the classification methods of trade costs , improve the existing classification methods as well .