硬地层

硬地层PDC钻头设计的探讨

Design of PDC bit for hard formation

但是在深井、超深井中使用PDC钻头时，钻遇深部硬地层会出现粘滑振动现象。

But in deep well , ultra deep well when using PDC bit , drill deep in hard formation can appear stick-slip vibration phenomenon .

不久后海洋软泥层开始在老的硬地层上堆积。

Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer .

VorteX技术在研磨性硬地层水平井中的应用实践

PD vortex application in hard abrasive formation in horizontal wells

上软下硬地层中盾构法隧道施工技术

Construction Techniques by Shield Tunneling Method in Upper-Soft Lower-Hard Ground

硬地层定向井中几种侧钻方法的灵活应用

Application of sidetracking methods in directional well of hard formation

提高深井硬地层钻井速度技术难点及对策

Strategy of improving drilling rate in deep well hard formation

上软下硬地层地下连续墙成槽施工

Construction technology of trench for diaphragm wall in the upper soft and lower hard stratum

冲旋钻井技术是一种新型、高效钻进硬地层的方法。

The revolving-drilling technique is one of the new-type and effective methods for hard rock drilling .

硬地层拨断岩心接单根长筒取心技术

Technique of Putting in Stalk Through Pulling Apart Core in Coring with the Long Core Barrel in Sichuan Hard Rocks

推广应用金刚石钻头配井下动力钻具，提高高密度条件下硬地层钻井速度技术；完善与发展井漏的测漏与综合堵漏技术。

Application of diamond bits with downhole power drilling tools is popularized to improve the drilling speed in hard formations under high-density conditions .

旋冲钻井技术是一项新型的石油钻井工艺技术，是提高硬地层钻井效率的有效方法之一。

Rotary impact drilling is a new petroleum drilling technique , is one of effective methods to increase drilling efficiency in hard formations .

通过实验，总结出钻头结构对钻压的波动有很大影响，同样地层条件下，软地层钻头引起的钻压波动比硬地层钻头引起的钻压波动大；

In the same formation condition , the undulation swing of the bit weigh which the soft formation brings is bigger than those the soft formation brings .

在硬地层和大直径扩孔工作中，扩孔钻头结构性能设计极为重要。

On the condition of hard layer and during the process of broaching big diameter hole , designing structure and capability of broaching bit is very important .

但是复合片钻头在中硬地层钻进时保径效果不稳定，直接影响了复合片钻头的地层适用性。

However , the poor wear resistance and unstable radius retention effect in drilling hard stratum lead to the PDC bit can not applied in hard stratum .

胎体式复合片钻头以其在中硬地层钻进效率高，使用寿命长等优点越来越广泛地被应用于地质钻探等领域。

Matrix PDC bits have been used more and more in the oil drilling and coal drilling fields etc for their advantages of long life and high efficiency .

在深井和硬地层钻井中，地质构造复杂、地层倾角大、地层研磨性强，机械钻速低、钻具失效严重，钻柱设计是其中的制约因素之一。

In the process of drilling deep well and hard formations , the drill string design is one of the factors restricting low ROP and serious BHA failure .

旋冲钻井技术被认为是解决深井硬地层钻井难题的最有效方法之一，具有良好的应用前景。

It is con-sidered revolving drilling technique is one of the most effective methods to solve the problem of hard strata drilling in deep well and has good applying prospects .

深部地层防斜打直问题和深部硬地层快速钻进问题是深井、超深井钻井中两大技术难题，是制约深井、超深井钻井发展的技术关键。

Well deviation prevention and fast drilling in deep layer are two technical difficulties during deep or ultra-deep well drilling , which is the key limiting the development of deep well drilling .

本文简要介绍了拨断岩心接单根方法在四川硬地层长筒取心中的试验和推广效果。

The test and popularization results of the method of putting in stalk through pulling apart core by Using the long core barrel in Sichuan hard rocks are simply presented in this article .

随着油气田勘探开发向纵深发展，钻遇的硬地层越来越多，地层的岩石可钻性级值及硬度增高。

Along with the deep going expansion of oil and gas exploration and development , more and more hard strata have been drilled and the drillability extrema and hardnesses of the strata are increased .

可以适当采用部分细粒度的金刚石替代粗粒度，甚至可以细一个粒度级，在降低成本的同时也能取得较好的效果，特别是在中硬地层（8~10级）钻进时效果尤其明显；

Finer diamond can be used partly as substitute of coarse ones , or even a fraction smaller size can be adopted , which can reduce the cost with better performance especially for drilling medium to hard formation ( grade 8-10 );

目前，关于盾构掘进参数的研究多集中于均一地层条件下的盾构施工中，而有关上软下硬地层条件下盾构施工的掘进参数研究相对滞后。

At present , the research of the shield tunneling parameters is more concentrated in the shield construction under uniform stratum conditions , but the research of the tunneling parameters on the upper-soft and lower-hard stratum conditions is relatively lagging in the shield construction .

也门32区块和53区块地层可钻性差、存在断层漏失，采用泡沫钻井液有效地解决了井漏问题，应用空气锤钻井加快了硬地层的钻进速度；

Because of the low penetration rate and loss of fault in block 32 and 53 in YEMEN , the problem of loss was successfully salved by adopting the foam drilling fluid and accelerated the drilling speed in hard formation by applying the air hammer .

层理裂隙发育的硬脆性地层泥浆技术

Drilling Fluid Technology Used in the Brittle Formations with Beddings and Fractures

长距离硬岩地层盾构施工关键技术研究

Key Technologies of Long-Distance Shield Boring in Hard Rock

对硬岩地层地铁车站结构设计的认识与思考

Understanding and consideration to the structure design of metro station in hard rock stratum

盾构隧道长距离硬岩地层钻爆法开挖管片衬砌施工技术

Construction Technology of Shield-driven Tunnel in Long-distance Hard Rock Ground : Drill + blast Excavation and Segment Lining

这些地质灾害在硬岩地层的发育程度高于软岩地层；硬岩地层中通常发生的是崩塌类型的灾害，而软岩地层中通常以滑坡居多。

The development of geological hazards in hard rock layer is more than in the soft rock layer .

旋冲钻井工具是解决硬脆性地层机械钻速低，钻头使用寿命短的主要手段之一。

Rotary percussion drilling tool may solve the problem of low rate of penetration and short service life of drilling bit in hard-brash formations .