中央立法

提出建立和完善立法的举措，这是法制建设的重点。这些举措有：（1）由地方立法向中央立法发展；

Bringing forward measures of perfecting the legislation , which is the key point of legislation .

民国末期中央立法权的思想与文本研究（1947&1949）

Study on Central Legislative Power in the Late Stage of Republic of China ( 1947-1949 );

民国末期对中央立法权的设计，受到各种因素的影响与制约。

The designation of central legislative power in the late stage was influenced and constrained by various factors .

晚清铁路立法是一种二级铁路立法体制，由中央立法与地方立法组成，但其权限划分开不清楚，立法运作的程序性也不强。

The railway legislation in Late Qing was a two-level legislation system , consisting of central and local legislation .

论中央立法中村委会职能规定存在的问题&以文本制度为依据的一项法理分析

On Certain Problems in the Definition of Functions of a Villagers'Committee Stipulated by Central Legislation & A Jurisprudential Analysis Based on Textual System

地方立法速度明显快于中央立法，而效力等级较低的地方性法规在处理复杂的法律问题时，由于缺乏高等级法规的支持而导致解释与执行上的障碍；

Local legislation is faster than central legislation . But local rules can 't explain and execute complicated legal problems because of its legal effect .

城市设计的工作特点和我国城市自身发展条件的巨大差异决定了城市设计的中央立法和地方立法应有不同的侧重。

Considered the character of urban design and the different condition of our cities , the country legislation and local legislation should burden different duty .

社会保障请求权立法的发展是一个过程，在其整个的演变过程中，中央立法和地方立法呈现出不同的特点。

The legislative development of the social security claim is a process . Throughout its evolution process , central legislation and local legislation takes on different characteristics .

目前我国关于反家庭暴力的立法呈现出了地方立法先行，中央立法微显滞后的情况。

At present , the case of regulations against domestic-violence in our country takes on a special phenomenon : central legislation is slightly lagging behind local legislation .

第三部分主要是对我国目前各个地方上依托中央立法而制定的一系列地方性法律法规以及规章办法等进行汇总比较，主要是从内容和结构两个层面进行对比。

The third part provides a summary comparison of various local laws and regulations relying on the central law , mainly from the angles of the content and structure .

中央立法中关于村委会职能的规定是村委会开展日常工作的重要准则，同时也是地方立法机关制定相关立法的依据。

The definition of functions of a villagers'committee stipulated by central legislation is not only an important guideline for its daily operation , but also the basis for local legislation .

与中央立法相比，地方立法走得更远，已经开始了以制定规章的方式探索政府采购促进中小企业发展的路径。

Compared with the Central legislation , local legislation has begun to explore the path of government procurement promoting the development of small business with the way of drawing up rules and regulations .

其中，与之关联最紧密的有三：中央立法、地方实情和经济全球化，处理好与它们之间的关系对地方立法具有十分重要的意义。

In a word , it is especially more significant for the local legislation to deal well with its closest essential factors & central legislation , the local situation and the economic globalism .

它从中央立法与地方立法两个级别、多个层次出发，对与我国西部开发有关的卫生法律法规进行了全面的整理与分析，以期从立法角度促进我国西部卫生法律法规的完善。

It has made systematic analysis of almost all hygienic laws and statues on our west open from the central and local legislative levels , in order to promote their perfection from legislative aspect .

在中央立法层面，从《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》及其若干规定到《文物保护法》，都涉及对少数民族文化权利的保障；

In central legislation , from Constitution , Law of Regional Autonomy of Ethnic Groups and its regulation to law for the protection of cultural relics , safeguarding cultural rights of Chinese ethnic minorities is included .

本部分首先从中央立法和地方立法两个层次论述了明朝市舶制度的立法体系。结论是明朝的市舶立法存在内容重复零散，创新少，没有单行法规和立法僵化、反复并存等特点。

The legal system of Shi bo system of Ming Dynasty was discussed from the points of central and local legislation and we concluded that the legislation is repetitive , rigid , lack of innovation and without single regulation .

只有提高地方立法质量，才能提升地方立法价值，提高地方立法效益，树立法律权威，为中央立法先行。

Only by improving the local lawmaking quality can the local lawmaking value be upgraded , its benefit be increased , and the authority of law be established , therefore making way for the legislation of the central government .

加拿大联邦制是建立在加拿大历史、地理、经济、民族、宗教等多样性的基础之上的。早期加拿大联邦制以强调中央立法议会作用和加强中央集权为特点。

Canadian federalism that was established on the basis of the diversities of its history , geography , economy , nationality and religion was characterized by emphasizing the function of central legislature and strengthening the centralization at the early stage .

相关立法规定有漏洞和不够详尽，而且由于缺乏配套规定和地方立法与中央立法的矛盾从而使有些规定不能得到有效实施，进而提出了解决这些问题的一些立法建议。

There are loopholes in related legislations and the regulations appear to be not enough . Enforcement of such regulation may not be efficient because the lack of supplementary regulations and the conflicts between central legislations and local legislations . Some suggests are made to overcome the above mentioned .

地方教育立法是相对于中央教育立法而言的，它有着不可替代的重要作用。

Comparative with the central educational legislation , the local educational legislation has its im-portant non - fungible function .

中央的立法应该是原则性和宏观性的规定，各城市有权采取灵活措施。

The central legislation should be provisions of principle and macroscopic , so each city has the right to take flexible measures .

伴随着国家立法体制的成熟，中央将立法权下放地方，允许符合立法条件的地方制定地立法条例进行地方立法。

With mature of national legislation system , the central devolves local legislative power and allows the local authorities to make local legislation to comply with the legislation conditions .

迄今为止无论是在中央银行立法还是在中央银行的具体操作上各国对于最后贷款人制度尚未形成统一的做法。

There has not been a consensus with respect to lender of last resort ( LOLR ) across countries , whether in central banking legislation or in central banks practices .

然而，由于经济立法具有显著的外部效应，因而在实践中，一个地方的经济立法往往会与中央经济立法权、其他地方政府的经济立法权产生冲突。

However , because economy legislates have prominent external effects , therefore in practice , can produce the conflict with central economic legislative power , with economic legislative power of other local government .

内部协调一致的立法架构、先地方后中央的立法进路、非政府组织的大力推动和司法审查机制的有力保障是国外行政公开实践的宝贵经验。

The self-coordinate legislative construction , the legislative way from local to centre , the impulse of NGO and the guarantee of judicial examination system are the important practical experiences of foreign administrative opening .

笔者认为，在实践中仍然存在地方经济立法与中央经济立法相冲突的情况，主要表现为地方经济立法的越权和地方经济立法的具体规定与上位法冲突。

The author believes that in practice there are still areas of economic legislation and the Central Economic Council conflict , mainly for local economic legislation ultra vires and local economic legislation with the specific provisions of epistatic conflict .

随着我国立法权限划分体系日渐具体化、明晰化和定型化，其运行的总趋势将是：纵向立法权限将在加强中央统一立法的基础上，向地方适度分权，并作双向调整。

As the decentralization system of legislative authority increasingly specify and clarify and finalize , the general operation tendency is : longitudinally , legislative authority shall properly decentralize the power and adjust in bi-direction based on reinforcement of central united legislation ;

第四章主要论述我国电子签名立法，包括电子签名立法基础、立法必要性、中央和地方立法现状，我国《电子签名法》主要内容、立法原则、特点、作用及意义。

The chapter four mainly introduces the E-Signature legislation of China .

论中央对地方立法的监督

On Supervision of Local Legislation by Central Government

区域立法与中央和地方立法关系的完善

On the Significance of Regional Legislation and Coordination of the Relationship between Central Legislation and Local Legislation