过流断面

管道系统的水力过渡过程通常是采用一维理论进行计算的，因此实际的三维管道通常采用沿中心线延伸变成具有相同过流断面的等效直管来代替。

Hydraulic transients in piping systems are usually calculated by one-dimensional theory , in which real 3-D piping is replaced , by an equivalent straight conduit with the same cross section .

本文通过对┓型龙抬头试验研究、验证了避免水流急剧变化而产生空蚀的较有效的方法是：缩小中间闸门井的过流断面。

The test and verification of the Z-shaped ski-jump energy dissipator has proved that the reduction of the overflowing cross section of the middle gate shaft is an effective means to avoid cavitation that may be caused due to rapid variation of water flow .

径流集中导致过流断面土体发生剪切破坏，形成明显的水路和侵蚀细沟。

The concentrated runoff has caused shearing damage of flowing section soil and forming remarkable waterways and rill erosion .

也可以看出入口流速对流场内过流断面气相速度分布影响较大。

Also by the simulation results it can be seen that the velocity of entrances has greater impact on the velocity distribution in cross-section .

与此同时，也发现了一些问题，如由于喷嘴过流断面较小等原因导致的射流元件易损坏的问题，所以需要增大喷嘴过流断面。

It also finds that efflux parts can be easily damaged because of the small water-carrying section area in the nozzle , therefore , the section area needs to be increased .