间接作用

分析了知识产权保护对技术创新的直接作用机制和通过FDI、国际贸易、技术引进三种国际技术转移渠道产生的间接作用机制。

This includes the direct action mechanism and indirect action mechanism through the technology spillovers of three channels of international technology transfer , which are FDI , international trade and technology introduction .

作用内容研究中分别阐述了来自直接作用主体（正式组织）和间接作用主体（非正式组织和工作环境）不同方面的作用力过程。

In content research , respectively analyze the process of acting forces from direct action subjects ( formal organization ) and indirect action subjects ( informal organization and working environment ) .

重离子辐射中直接和间接作用致DNA损伤研究

Investigation of DNA damages induced by direct and indirect interaction of heavy ions radiation

高LET的~7Li离子致DNA损伤的直接和间接作用研究

Investigation of direct and indirect interaction of DNA damage induced by high LET ~ 7 Li ions

AGEs还可通过刺激其他细胞产生细胞因子间接作用于EC，参与促进ICAM-1表达。

Besides , AGEs may stimulate other cells to secrete cytokines resulting in ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells .

外界因素直接或者间接作用，可以诱发膀胱尿路上皮细胞DNA异常改变，从而引起细胞生长失控，最终激活膀胱癌发生的共同生物学通路。

Direct or indirect effects of external factors , can induce DNA abnormalities of urothelial cell , which led to the final common biological pathway of uncontrolled cell growth of bladder cancer .

至于其间接作用效果，根据FDI与本地投资和人力资本的互补性程度衡量，则基本没有。

And there is no or little indirect contribution of FDI to economic growth according to the complementary extents between FDI and local investment , human capital .

应用这一方法，目前国际上关于辐射诱导DNA损伤的研究主要集中在辐射的直接和间接作用引起单链断裂、双链断裂及其相应的簇损伤上。

At present , the researches on DNA damage by means of Monte Carlo method are focused on single-strand breaks , double-strand breaks and corresponding clustered damages induced by direct and indirect inactions of radiation .

然而间接作用致癌物NNK和BaP引起的反应有明显个体差异。

However , there was an individual variation in response to indirect-acting carcinogens NNK and BaP .

EGF参与神经前体细胞增殖及细胞的生存和迁移，对神经元细胞再生具有直接和间接作用。

EGF takes part in the proliferation , survival and migration of the precursor cells , and directly or indirectly plays a role in the regeneration of the neurons .

与此同时，知识产权保护是影响进口和FDI技术溢出的重要制度因素，知识产权保护可以通过影响进口和FDI技术溢出间接作用于工资差距。

At the same time , intellectual property protection is an important institutional factor affecting the technology spillover , the intellectual property protection can affect the wage gap indirectly through the technology spillovers of import and FDI .

分布曲线的峰值所对应的深度即离子的最可几深度的范围一般在5～40μm，小于一般植物种子的种皮厚度。说明造成胚细胞的DNA损伤是注入离子的次级效应的间接作用。

The range of the possible depth is about to 5 ~ 40 um , which is less than ordinary testa thickness of plant 's seed , thus result which DNA in embryonic cell is damaged is the Indirect Action of ion-implanted secondary effect .

改善舒张功能可能与抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）过度激活、降低血液粘稠度及改善微循环等间接作用有关。

Improving diastole function may connected with restraining over-activation of RAAS , reducing blood density and improving micro-circulation and so on indirectly .

神经肽Y（NPY）具有强大的心血管活性作用，它既可直接或间接作用于血管平滑肌细胞增强缩血管功能，又可作用于心肌细胞，影响心肌舒缩活性。

Neuropeptide Y ( NPY ) has the strong cardiovascular effects . It not only has direct and indirect vasoconstrictor effects but also has inotropic and chronotropic effects on the myocardial cells .

许多研究报告指出TDZ通过调节内源植物生长激素起作用，或者是诱导逆境产生起间接作用。

Various reports indicate that TDZ may act through modulation of the endogenous plant growth substances , or as a result of induced stress .

结果还显示，服务资源对服务绩效的间接作用大于直接作用，说明要重视通过提高服务能力来改善服务绩效这一间接作用路径。结构方程模型（SEM）分析也得到了类似的结果。

The results also showed that the indirect effects is greater than the direct effect of the impact of service resources on service performance , indicating that attention should be paid the indirect impact path by increasing the service capabilities to improve service performance .

用算符形式的微扰论方法，求得了通过s-f相互作用而导致的f电子间f-f间接作用的有效哈密顿量的一般表达式。

Utilizing the method of the theory of perturbation in operator form we have obtained the general expression for the effective Hamiltonian of f-f interaction through s-f interaction .

结论：人重组FL刺激内皮细胞的增殖可能在造血和炎症的病理过程中起直接或间接作用，从而为FL的临床运用提供一定的理论依据。

Conclusion FL induce endothelia to proliferate , which may play a direct or indirect role in the pathological courses of hematopoiesis and inflammation . the result provides additional information for the clinical application of FL.

然后，在开放经济条件下将FDI的直接和间接作用机制囊括其中，设计了东道国农业TFP的决定模型，并创新性引入了非线性门槛面板模型以准确把握东道国技术吸收能力的动态变化。

Then , we build an economic regression model that include both direct and indirect mechanisms for technology spillovers of FDI , and introduce the nonlinear panel threshold model to accurately grasp the technological absorption capacity of dynamic evolution of agricultural TFP .

结果提示在兔肺动脉条上Eph兼有对效应器细胞的直接作用和通过解放NE的间接作用，其直接作用与间接作用大体相当。

The above results suggest that Eph might act indirectly by releasing NE and directly on isolated rabbit pulmonary artery strips . The direct action and indirect action are approximately equal in the rabbit pulmonary arterial strips .

试验结果表明：对于间接作用试验及直接和间接影响的共同作用试验而言，大气CO2浓度升高可显著影响棉蚜的体重和平均相对生长率（MRGR）。

The results indicated that CO_2 rising significantly affected body weight and mean relative growth rate ( MRGR ) of A gossypii for both experiments of indirect effect treatment and direct and indirect effect treatment .

转Bt基因植物对天敌可能的影响主要包括取食寄主时摄人的Bt毒蛋白的直接影响，以及寄主摄入Bt毒蛋白后对其营养价值的不利影响所引起的间接作用。

Pest-resist plant on ist natural enemy are described , plants which are cultivated Bt gene have direct effect from Bt poison protein when the pests get food from the hosts and indirect effect from Bt poison protein which infects the host 's nutrient value to its natural enemy .

血液系统异常归因于HIV感染、机会感染和治疗药物的直接和间接作用，可与MDS、骨髓增生性疾患（MPD）和T细胞淋巴瘤相混淆。

Hematological abnormalities may be attributable to the direct and indirect effects of HIV infection , to opportunistic infections , and to the toxicity of therapeutic agents . HIV infection can induce myelodysplastic syndromes ( MDS ), myeloproliferative disorders ( MPD ) and T cell lymphomas .

中部地区外商直接投资对经济增长的直接作用和间接作用都较小，而且两者之间也不存在Granger因果关系。（4）论文实证分析了中部地区对外贸易与外商直接投资之间的关系。

The direct and indirect role of FDI plays on the economic growth in the central region is relatively small and there is not Granger causality between them . ( 4 ) The paper empirically analyses the relationship between the foreign trade and FDI of the central region .

分析实验结果指出，镍的浸出是细菌与矿物的直接作用和Fe3＋与矿物的间接作用两者的结果，Fe3＋对铜的浸出无明显影响，而镁的浸出则与浸出液的酸度有关。

Ni was leached from nickel-bearing pyrrhotite by both direct reaction of bacteria with minerals and indirect reaction of Fe3 + with minerals , Fe3 + did not obviously influence the leaching of Cu . The leaching of Mg depended on pH of leaching solution .

铬对肌肉的增长和血液降低胆固醇有间接作用。

Chromium has indirect effect on muscle growth and cholesterol decrease .

因子的直接作用和间接作用的格局则因生长阶段而异。

Patterns of direct and indirect contributions different in two growth stages .

各种大量元素对生根率的既有直接的作用，也有协同作用所产生的间接作用。

Macro elements had both direct effects and indirect effectes on rooting .

特殊热带气旋的路径分析&双热带气旋的间接作用及预报

Analyses of erratic tropical cyclone tracks indirect effects between dual storms and prediction

石棉纤维间接作用的细胞毒性及遗传毒性

The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by chrysotile asbestos indirectly