船舶经营人

前款所称的船舶所有人，包括船舶承租人和船舶经营人。

The shipowners referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include the charterer and the operator of a ship .

本规定所称船舶经营人，包括船舶管理人。

Vessel operators as mentioned in the present Provisions include vessel managers .

核动力船舶经营人的责任公约

Convention on the Liability of Operators of Nuclear Ships

船舶经营人的识别及其法律地位

The Identification and Legal Status of Ship Operator

船舶经营人与船舶管理人之辨析

Analysis between Ship Operator and Ship Manager

第二部分从历史的角度入手研究船舶经营人的历史沿革和发展；

Part two analyses the historical development of the concept of Ship Operator from a historical aspect .

船舶经营人的识别问题是海事司法实践中迫切需要解决的重要问题之一。

The identification of " ship operator " is one of the important issues , which cries for settlement in maritime judicial practice .

本文针对目前有关船舶经营人的疑问及其在实践中产生的问题，围绕船舶经营人概念进行研究，试图解决船舶经营人在实践中所产生的争议。

The paper studied on the concept of shipping operator , which is focused on and trying to solve the disputes of shipping operator in the practice .

因此，十分有必要在理论上明确船舶经营人所应具有的法律特征，为识别船舶经营人提供一个比较合理可行的标准。

Therefore , it is very necessary to analyze the legal features of ship operators so as to establish relatively reasonable and feasible standard for identifying ship operators .

尽管船舶经营人的概念早就出现于国际公约、各国海事立法以及我国法律法规中，但对于其具体含义却众说纷纭。

Though the concept of Ship Operator has presented to International Conventions , Chinese maritime law and maritime law of other countries , its concrete meaning is defined quite differently .

同时，涉及船舶经营人的法律关系较为复杂，包括海事赔偿责任限制、船舶优先权、海上油污、海上安全等各个方面。

At the same time , the legal relationships of Ship Operator are quite complicated , including limitation of liability of maritime claims , maritime lien , oil pollution on the ocean and maritime safety , etc.

在此基础上，文章对船舶经营人的法律责任、登记、保险等相关问题都作了尝试性探讨，以求对完善我国与船舶经营人有关的法律规定有所裨益。

Moreover , this thesis attempts to probe into some relevant issues such as the legal liability of ship operators , ship operators ' registry and insurance , so as to contribute to the relative regulations concerning ship operators .

租船业务从一开始就是国际航运市场的主要业务之一，它是不定期船运输服务得以开展的具体方式和前提，也是船舶经营人互相调剂船舶的途径之一。

Affreightment is one of the main businesses in international shipping market from the beginning . It is the base and the concrete way to develop tramp-shipping services , and is also the way of assigning ships for ship runners .

保赔保险合同是船东、船舶经营人、租船人等就其所有或占有、经营、租用的船舶的潜在责任风险向保赔协会投保所成立的合同。

Protection and indemnity insurance ( hereinafter referred to as P I insurance ) contract is the contract which the ship owner , operator , or charterer insures potential liability risks arising from his ships to a P I Club .

违反船舶所有人、经营人和船舶安全营运管理秩序；

Those against the administration of vessel owners , operators , and safe vessel operations ;

伪造、变造船舶所有人、经营人安全营运与防污染管理体系审核的符合证明；

Forging or altering the certificates of conformity with safe operations and with the pollution prevention system of the vessel owner or operator ;

未取得船舶所有人、经营人安全营运与防污染管理体系符合证明从事航行或其他有关活动；

Engaging in navigation or other relevant activities without obtaining the certificates of conformity with safe operations and of conformity with the pollution prevention system ;

它是海商法独具特色的法律制度，是海商法赋予船舶所有人、经营人、承租人和救助人的一项特权。

It is a unique system of maritime law , which is a legal privilege given by maritime law to the shipowners , charterers , operators and other persons related .

提供虚假材料或以其他不正当手段骗取船舶所有人、经营人安全营运与防污染管理体系符合证明；

Providing falsified materials , or by any other wrongful means , cheating the vessel owner or operator for the certificates of conformity with safe operations and with the pollution prevention system ;

在我国现行立法下，可以将船舶管理人纳入船舶经营人范畴而有权享受责任限制，但不宜扩大到无船承运人。

Under current Chinese law , a ship manager may be incorporated into the " ship operator " and be entitled to limit his liability accordingly . However , the scope of this definition should not be further extended to include a non-vessel operating common carrier .

船舶管理人的法律地位具有复杂性，对于委托人，即船舶所有人、光船承租人或者船舶经营人而言，其是委托合同中的受托人。

; ( c ) the legal status of ship managers is complicated : for its trustor , it is the assignee in an entrustment contract ;