在日本，交叉持股体系由来已久（与德国一样）；在二战后出现的“经连会”（keiretsu）体制中，银行处于大型工业集团的核心。
The system of cross holdings is traditional in Japan ( as in Germany ) ; in the post-Second World War Keiretsu system , banks were at the centre of large industrial groups .
经连会