残渣态

残渣态Cd的百分率也有一定程度的降低。

The percentage of residual state-Cd had reducing of a certain degree too .

残渣态Cd含量较对照显著增加，增幅为8.5%-26.8%。

Residual Cd were increased significantly 8.5 % - 26.8 % compared with the control .

La增加根和茎中残渣态磷（residueP）含量。

La increases the residue - P concentration in the root and stem .

Pb主要分布在可交换态、残渣态中和铁锰氧化物结合态中。

Pb was dominated by exchangeable fraction , residual fraction and iron-manganese oxide .

Zn由残渣态向活性态转化，生物可利用性升高。

But Zn was in the reversed direction , that means its bioavailability to be increased .

原位Pb污染土壤中Pb的存在形态表现为：残渣态可氧化态可还原态弱酸提取态。

The speciation of Pb in the Pb contaminated soil were residual oxidizable reducible acid extractable .

结果表明，腐殖酸的添加使红壤中Cd和Pb的残渣态向有机态转化。

Results showed that the addition of humic acids promoted residual Cd and Pb transfer to organic form .

施加磷矿粉和活化磷矿粉，都可以提高土壤中残渣态Cu、Cd的含量。

The content of the soil residual Cu and Cd was increased after applying phosphate rock and activated phosphate rock .

Fe主要分布在残渣态。

Mg and Mn were principally distributed in the acid soluble / exchangeable fraction and Fe was mainly in the residual fraction .

重金属As、Co、Cu、Zn在河流、湖泊水库、排污河中均是残渣态为主。

Heavy metals of As , Co , Cu , Zn in rivers , lakes , reservoirs , sewage are the residual fractions .

结果表明：鄱阳湖土壤中Cu，Pb和Zn主要以有机态和残渣态为主，水溶态和离子交换态等生物有效性态含量很少；

The results showed that the organic matter-sulfide bound and residuum speciation are the main content of Cu , Zn , Pb ;

Cd元素的形态分布以残渣态为主和可氧化态为主，二者比例达88.98%。

Distribution of elements in the form of Cd was residual fractions and oxidizable fraction , ratio the two fraction reached 88.98 % .

熟料中Ni以酸性盐酸羟胺溶液提取态和残渣态为主（65.6%、20.3%）。

Ni in the clinker mainly exists as the acidified hydroxylamine hydrochloride extractable and residual form ( 65.6 % , 20.3 % ) .

除残渣态硒外，小麦各个器官硒含量均与土壤中四个形态硒含量显著相关（P0.05）。

Contents of selenium in wheats had significantly correlation with the soil selenium fractionation except for residual form ( P0.05 ) . 4 .

通过模拟实验，研究了土壤pH对水稻土、紫色土和黄壤的水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐态、铁锰氧化态、有机结合态和残渣态Cd含量的影响。

The effect of soil pH on various chemical species of cadmium in paddy soil , purple soil and yellow soil was studied by a series of simulated experiments .

Cr以B3（有机物与硫化物结合态）和残渣态为主，分别占总量的40.4%和42.5%。

B2 ( bound to Fe-Mn oxides ) and residuals are Cr major forms , accounting for 40.4 % and 42.5 % respectively .

除残渣态外，Pb、Zn在土壤、炼锌废渣中主要呈铁锰氧化物结合态，沉积物中则为碳酸盐结合态。

Except for residue fractions , Fe and Mn oxide bound fractions for Pb , Zn overwhelm in soils and in slags , while carbonate bound fractions dominate in river sediments .

表层土壤Pb主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在，有机结合态和酸可提取态较少；

Concretely speaking , the Pb in the urban topsoil of Lianyungang mainly consists of residuals and Fe-Mn oxide fractions , plus a small amount of organic fraction and acid-extractable fraction .

化学形态研究表明，Pb和Zn在土壤中主要表现为铁锰氧化物结合态与残渣态，而Cd的情况与Pb和Zn完全相反，其形态以可交换态为主。

Sequential extraction results give the deep impression of occupied chemical forms of Pb and Zn being Fe Mn oxide bound and residue forms , while Cd dominating as the exchangeable form .

铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态使Cu无效化，在EDTA与味精废水作用下，它们可能向可利用性较高的形态转化。

The Fe / Mn oxide bound Cu and residual Cu were poorly available , they could slightly transformed to other forms induced by EDTA and monosodium glutamate waster water .

相关分析表明：锑矿区构树的POD、SOD、CAT酶活性与土壤中锑元素可交换态和碳酸盐结合态有显著相关性，与锑有机结合态呈负相关，与残渣态无相关性。

Correlation analysis showed that : the POD , SOD , CAT and MDA activity was significantly correlated with the exchangeable and carbonate form of Sb , no correlation with the residual .

土壤Pb、Zn形态分析结果显示，与非根际土壤相比，多数作物根际可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机质结合态Pb比例降低，而铁锰氧化物结合态、残渣态Pb则显著增加；

Comparing with control soil , exchangeable , bound to carbonate compounds and bound to organic matter Pb decreased slightly , but bound to Fe-Mn oxides and residual Pb increased significantly in rhizospheric soil .

主要研究结论如下：1.未添加外源重金属的原土中Cd、Pb均以残渣态为主，分别占45.83%、63.39%。

Main conclusions of the study are as follows : 1 . Residual fraction is the most component of Cd and Pb in original soil , respectively , accounting for 45.83 % and 63.39 % .

Cd的组成十分特殊，其可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态的含量非常高，而残渣态含量很低：尽管土壤中重金属可交换态含量较低，但对土壤生态环境有严重的风险。

While the Cd was special for its high exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide and low residual ; though the rate of exchangeable species of heavy metals were low in soil , the ecological risk were high .

研究发现，根际沉积物化学形态转化趋势与元素性质有关，Cu、Pb由活性态向残渣态转化，生物可利用性降低；

The forms about the chemical alteration happened around the rhizosphere , the trend of Cu and Pb changing from the active form to the residuals was found , and which led to the bioavailability reduction .

结果表明：Zn主要以可交换态和可还原态形式存在于污泥中，Cu和Pb主要以可氧化态形式存在，Ni，Cr，Mo主要以残渣态赋存。

The results showed that Zn existed in sludge mainly in exchangeable form and reducible form , Cu and Pb mainly in oxidizable form , and Ni , Cr , and Mo mainly in residual form .

结果表明，Cu各形态的植物可利用性的顺序为水溶交换态、有机结合态>碳酸盐结合态>铁锰氧化物结合态>残渣态；

The results showed that the sequence of availability of Cu forms to plant is soluble plus exchangeable Cu and organic matter bound Cu > Cu bound to carbonate > Fe / Mn oxide bound Cu > residual Cu .

随着粉煤灰加入率的增加，Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb的交换态、有机结合态含量下降，而铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态含量增加。

With the increasing of coal fly ash amendment , the exchangeable , organic matter content of these four kinds of metals decreased , but the iron , manganese oxides and primary , secondary minerals content increased .

沉积物中重金属在各形态的叠加也有所区别，Pb和Cu主要叠加在有机物态和残渣态中，而Zn则主要叠加在铁锰氧化物态中。

The resulted information also showed that potential pollution of heavy metals are obvious in the sediments of the river , and Pb and Cu mainly accumulated in organic and residual forms with Zn in Fe and Mn oxides .

高炉钢渣比高炉铁渣对Cu的钝化能力有很大提高，钢渣10%用量时可溶态降幅为21.22%，残渣态增幅为29.67%。

The passivation ability of blast furnace slag was more than that of iron on Cu . When 10 % dosage of steel slag applied , soluble state decreased to 21.22 % , residual ones increased to 29.67 % . 2 .