均田制

均田制从北魏到唐朝历时近三百年，在我国封建社会土地制度中占有十分重要的地位。

In the three hundred years from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty , land equalization policy occupied an important position in the feudal land system of our country .

唐中叶至清前期，在均田制被废除后，封建国家不再设立限制土地私有制和私有土地买卖的制度与法令。

The middle of TANG to the early qing , after the land equalization policy was abolished , feudal state is no longer setting up a systemof laws and regulations that restrict private ownership of land and private land sales .

论北魏均田制产生的社会原因

On the Social Origins of the System of Land Equalization Under the Northern Wei Dynasty

均田制与唐朝的强盛

A Powerful and Prosperous Tang Dynasty Associated with the System of Equal Distribution of Land

1982年的农户土地承包以均田制和分田制为主。

The main agrarian contract styles in 1982 are land assignment system and equal distribution system .

20世纪80年代以来均田制研究综述

Summary of the Study of Equal Allocation of Land since the 80s of the 20th Century

农民在均田制崩溃后，逐渐从国家的严密控制中解放出来；

After the collapse of the equal-field system , farmers were gradually emancipated from close state control ;

北魏均田制下产权制度变迁分析

Equally Dividing Field System : An Institutional Change of the Property Right of Land in Northern Wei

在均田制下，小农经济独立性日益增强，乡村市场日趋繁荣。

The Average-land System helped strengthen the independence of the family fanning , and resulted in a booming village market .

结合新制度经济学的有关理论，对我国历史上的均田制进行分析是很有意义的。

Based on the theory of New Institutional Economics , this paper analyzes the Equally Dividing Field System in Chinese history .

孝文帝还实行三长制，颁布均田制，改革了鲜卑旧俗。

As for the old political practice , Emperor Xiaowen introduced the " three chiefs " system and the land equalisa-tion system .

为了缩小贫富差距，隋朝恢复到了“均田制”。

In order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor , the Sui reverted to the " land equalization system . "

在经济方面，文帝下令整顿户籍，清查人口，继而推行均田制，调整赋役。

In the economy , Emperor Wen ordered to restructure household register , check population , promote land equalization system and adjust to endow services .

从这一视角出发亦可见均田制实施与隋唐盛世之联系。

From this , we also can see the relations between the implementation of Equally Dividing Field System and prosperous times in the Sui and Tang Dynasties .

随着均田制的衰败，以之为基础的乡村制度体系渐趋崩溃，乡村政权职能的履行力度逐步退化。

With the decline of the Jun Tian system , the rural system based on it broke down gradually , and the execution of the function of rural political power degenerated .

基于此，他论证了均田制在郡县制下不可行，是违反历史演进规律的。

Based on this , he demonstrates the equal-field system in the system of prefectures and counties under not feasible , is a violation of the law of evolution of history .

摘要唐前期承继了北魏以来的均田制，这一保护小农经济的措施为整个社会变革提供了制度保障。

The Tang Dynasty in its early period inherited the Average-land system from the North Wei dynasty , which as a means for safeguarding the family fanning was an institutional guarantee for the overall social reform .

唐后期的农民家庭收入唐后期，随着均田制的破坏，官僚、地主疯狂兼并土地，广大农民几无可耕之田，只好沦为地主的佃户遭到盘剥，家庭经济达到崩溃的边缘。

The Later Stage : At the later stage of Tang , bureaucrats and landlords annexed fields , the peasants have no fields to cultivate , so they have no choice but to act as serfs for landlords .

但是，在均田制实施的过程中，却遭遇到了来自下层的变通与退出力量，使得均田制度的演进过程又呈现出既定利益结构下的诱致性变迁。

But in the process of carrying out the system , there were the powers of alternative and exit that came from the low stratum , and these powers changed the Equally Dividing Field System in different directions .

唐政府通过建立以均田制为载体的土地产权结构保证了其制度供给意愿与小农的制度需求相结合，促进了唐朝农业经济的发展。

Through the establishment of land property right structure based on land equalization , Tang government ensured the combination of needs of small-scale peasants and supply of the government , and that promote the development of Tang dynasty agricultural economy .

从20世纪80年代以来的二十多年的时间里学术界对均田制的产生、发展、施行等方面的研究又有了新的进展。

Besides , new progress has been made in the study of the emergence , development and implication of the system of equal distribution of land in the 20 years since the 80s of the 20th century in the academic world .

中唐以后，均田制崩溃，封建国家土地所有制逐渐走向衰落，取而代之的是以地主土地所有制为主要标志的封建土地私有制。

After the mid-Tang Dynasty , The system of equalized field allotments collapses , the feudal country land ownership moves toward the decline gradually , replaced by a host of land ownership as the main indicator of the feudal private ownership of land .

由行政手段主导的均田制向引入市场机制配置土地资源的转变，以及在此基础上土地权利的自由流动，是我国农村市场取向改革向纵深发展的必然要求。

It is the necessary request of the reform of rural market orientation to develop horizontally for the equal land system guided by administrative means to change to distribution of land resources by introducing market mechanism and on this basis to foster the free flow of land rights .

自上古至中唐，国家对土地的分配进行着比较直接的管理，井田制、限田制、均田制都体现了政府均地安民的目标和措施。

From the antiquity to Tang , the country carries on the quite direct management to the land assignment , The Well field system , Limit land-tenure system , Average-land system , have manifested the government " The Even Land Stable People ( TELSP )" the goal and the measure .

根本原因是在集体共耕制与均田分包制这两种模式之间的循环往复，使产权的效率与经营规模长期脱节，使现代农业的长生机制难以形成。

The cyclical adoption of collective fanning and individual farming on equal allotment has been attributive to the discrepancy between the efficiency of property ownership and scale management , which in turn retards the formation of the growth mechanism of modem agriculture .

我国古代的屯田与均田历史悠久，屯田制与均田制也曾作为封建国有土地的两种主要经营方式长期存在。

The station farm and equal landship had either a long history in our country . In the Feudalism Society , the station farm and equal landship existed as both main states ' land management .