群体选择

关于选择层次的一个主要问题是：群体选择概念在解释诸如利他行为这类性状的进化中是否必要？

One principal problem of the debate about level of selection has been the importance of group selection .

并以景点自身吸引力和其他因素的影响为重点，讨论了影响商人群体选择景点的因素。

And Attractions their own attractiveness and other factors , focusing on the factors that affect the merchant group selection attractions .

小麦异交群体选择分化的RAPD分析

The RAPD Marker Analysis of Wheat Outbreeding Population due to Selection Differentiation

大豆遗传群体选择与品质QTL的获得

Selection of Genetic Population and Obtaining of the Quality QTLs in Soybean

中等收入群体选择保险产品的分析

The Analysis of How the Middle-income Select the Insurance

群体选择论的预先假定

On the Presuppositions of Group Selectionism Choice

对群体选择的理解一定要依赖于群体结构的假定。

I insist that only a presupposition of group structure can yield real understanding of the group selection .

一些群体选择了水，一些是植物界，矿物王国，或者是动物王国。

Some groups chose water , some the plant kingdom , the mineral kingdom , or the animal kingdom .

由于利他现象在自然界广泛存在，群体选择论认为利他主义的群体能够得到进化。

However , altruism is widespread in nature . The theory of group selection holds that altruistic group would gain evolution .

由于老年人有着生理学、药理学等各方面的特点，因此为这个特殊的肿瘤群体选择合适的治疗方案具有一定的挑战性。

Because elderly patients often present with physiological and pharmacological exceptionality , the selection of optimal treatment for them is more challenging .

一般情况下，民俗文化的群体选择由众多成员的选择逐渐集合而成。

Generally , the group choice of the folk cultures is gradually formed by the choice of the majority of the members .

根据社会不同特征群体选择特定媒介，专家称这种传播模式为分众传播。

According to different social groups to choose specific characteristics of the media , experts called this mode " Focus communication " .

第四章为对不同群体选择行为的质性分析，根据群体所从事的职业特点分析不同群体做出选择的不同动机。

Chapter four is about making qualitative analysis for different groups ' selections , and the motivations according to the characteristics of different occupations .

本文将林木树种单株选优原则和方法运用到林木群体选择和划分上。

This paper describes a method which has been used for stand population selection and classification based on the plus trees selection principle of a single tree .

泰特齿轮产品称赞这些其他品牌，当作为一个整体看，成为我们的客户设备的优秀群体选择。

TAD Gear products are complimented by these other brands and when looked on as a whole , becomes an excellent group of equipment for our customers to choose from .

寒地春玉米种质拓宽创新的方法&双近缘广基因多重组互测改良群体选择法

A NEW METHOD TO ENRICH AND WIDEN THE GERMPLASM OF MAIZE IN COLD REGION & Testing and Selecting in the Recombination Population of Double Relative and Wide Base Group Dates

所以，如果要利用群体选择理论来解释合作行为的演化，就一定要找到能够降低组内选择的因素。

So , if we want to use group selection theory to explain the evolution of cooperative behavior , it must be found the factor that can reduce within-group selection .

之后，群体选择论受到基因选择论的猛烈抨击，基因选择论认为基因才是真正的选择单位。

After that , the theory of group selection is fiercely attacked by the theory of gene selection , and gene selection supporters hold that gene is the true selection unit .

群体选择理论对此提出了一个解释，即尽管由于利他者相对于利己者处于不利的位置，利他者在每一个群体中的频率都会下降，但利他者在总体中的频率却有可能上升。

The theory of group selection proposed an explanation-even if the frequency of altruists is decreasing in every group of a deme , it can still increase in the whole population .

本文首次从博弈论的角度给出了利他行为的定义，分析了亲缘选择机制、互惠利他机制和群体选择机制对利他行为的产生和发展的重要作用。

The formal definition of altruism is given from the perspective of game theory , the mechanism of kin selection , reciprocity and group selection , as well as the role they played in the development of altruism .

休闲娱乐作为体育锻炼的目的，25～30岁群体选择率最高，达到32.25%。

In the population taking recreation for the intention of physical training , population aged 25-30 had the highest choosing rate of 32.25 % , and population elder than 60 years old had the choosing rate of 31 % .

小麦异交群体长期选择早代的RAPD多态性分析

RAPD Diversity Analysis of Recurrent Selection in Early Generations of Out breeding Population of Winter Wheat

闭锁群体BLUP选择下遗传方差和近交系数的变化

Change of genetic variance and inbreeding coefficient in a closed population under BLUP selection

采用杂交育种与系谱选育相结合的方法，选择优良亲本材料。经3轮选择、互交和控制授粉后，从轮选群体中选择优良可育株（复交F1），进入系谱选育程序。

We use both hybrid breeding and strain breeding to choose choiceness parent materials . The recurrent selection population was formed by mixing the hybrids equally from each backcross .

提出了采用系谱法与家系内小群体轮回选择相结合的选育方法，并从S3家系开始进行家系内轮回选择和选育高产、高配合力玉米自交系的技术方案。

A methodology that combining the pedigree selection and recurrent selection within the families initiated as early as in S3 was proposed to develop maize inbred lines with high yield and high combining ability .

毛白杨遗传作图最适分离群体的选择

Optimizing segregation population selection for genetic linkage maps in Populus tomentosa

玉米群体混合选择的效果研究

A study of the Effects of Maize Population on Mass Selection

研究设计的确定与研究群体的选择

Choosing a research study design and selecting a population to study

小麦群体连续选择效应的综合分析

Synthetic Analysis for Effects of Successive Selection in Wheat Population

群体决策选择函数的强稳定性

Strong-Stability of Choice Function in Group Decision Making