无形服务

无形服务对顾客体验过程质量的影响&一个基于服务型企业有形展示的研究

The Influence of Intangible Service on the Experience of Process Quality & Based on the Tangible Evidence of Service Enterprises

实证研究结果表明：无形服务能通过有形展示进行体现，不同的无形服务有不同的有形展示方式；

The result of demonstration indicates : the intangible service can be embodied with the tangible evidences , and the different intangible service has different manners of tangible evidences ;

针对无形服务论述，在4Ps的组合上还应再加上三个要素：人员、顾客服务的提供和过程，即服务业的7Ps营销组合。

Based on this invisible service business and sales , the composition of 4Ps should increase people , provision of customer service and process to form the 7Ps business and sales composition that will be discussed in this article .

川菜企业就是以提供川菜菜品为主，无形服务为辅的食品生产企业。

Sichuan enterprises are mainly to provide Sichuan dishes , supplemented by an invisible service of food production enterprises .

阐述了如何使酒店有形服务与无形服务有效整合，从而进一步提升酒店的市场竞争力。

This paper discussed how to integrate hotel 's visible service and invisible service effectively to improve hotel 's markey competence .

同时，服务于跨国公司和金融财团利益考虑的地区总部的发展，也离不开东道国城市提供的有形和无形服务作为赢得全球竞争优势的区位支撑。

Furthermore , RHQs cannot be separated from the host city to provide tangible and intangible services as a global competitive edge .

酒店作为企业生产和销售的产品是酒店有形设施和无形服务的结合，是以多种服务表现出来的无形产品。

Hotel is as the product and the output of an enterprise , which integrated with visible facilities and immaterial services , belongs to invisible services showed by mutual services .

随着物质生活的日益富足和消费经验的不断提高，精神性需求逐渐成为饭店宾客的主导型需求，饭店服务产品中用来满足宾客精神性需求的无形服务也成了饭店提高市场竞争力的关键所在。

As spiritual demand has become the dominant demand of the hotel guests , the intangible service in the service package is becoming more important for hotel to enhance the competitive power .

相比有形服务，无形服务质量更差，因此西安市中小餐饮企业应该尽快提高无形服务质量。

Compare with tangible service quality , intangible service quality is poorer , small and medium food enterprises in Xi ' an should improve the invisible service quality as soon as possible .

早在17世纪，威廉·配第发现，随着经济的不断发展，产业中心将逐渐由有形财物的生产转向无形服务的生产。

As early as the 17th century , William · Peidi was found that with the continuous development of economic , industrial centres will gradually from the production of tangible property to the intangible service production .

第三，提出包括顾客消费情感、有形设施、无形服务、顾客满意、情感纽带、顾客忠诚等概念在内的顾客消费情感概念模型，在此基础上，在所有概念之间建立起理论假设。

Thirdly , the customer consumption emotion concept model , in which consumer consumption emotion , visible facilities , invisible service , consumer satisfaction , emotion bonds and consumer loyalty are included , are put forward . The theory assumptions among all concepts are established .

随着社会生产力的发展，无形服务商品越来越多地进入人们的视线，动漫市场成了一块越来越大的蛋糕，然而我国的这块蛋糕大部分被日本享用了。

With the rapid development of productivity , intangible service products are drawing more and more attention of people . Now the cartoon market is more like a cake with an increasing size . However , most of this cake in China is enjoyed by Japan .

其价值包括有形的实体的价值和无形的服务的价值。

Its value includes the value of tangible tangible value and aeriform service .

服务性企业经常面临如何最好的向顾客传递无形的服务质量上的困扰。

Service firms often are confronted with the problem of how to communicate the intangible qualities .

制造企业主要生产有形的物质产品，服务企业主要生产无形的服务产品。

Industrial corporation mainly produces visible physical products , but service corporation mainly produces invisible service products .

酒店提供的产品区别于一般生产型企业，无形的服务占重要比重。

The product that hotel offers is different from the general production-oriented enterprises , mainly intangible services .

服务营销的进步性在于使营销的重心从有形的产品转向无形的服务。

The progress of service marketing consists in the diversion of marketing focus from tangible products to intangible services .

如对无形的服务进行有形的展示，在展示中体现企业文化、树立企业品牌等。

Such as make the service materiality to express the enterprise 's culture , create the enterprise 's image .

销售是一个企业获利的基本模式之一，企业通过买卖有形的商品或无形的服务来获取相应的销售利润。

Sales is one of basic models of profits-gaining , enterprise obtains corresponding sales profits through the sales of tangible goods or intangible services .

除了推销有形的产品（比如橙子、麦片、橄榄油），广告还有助于对无形的服务（比如银行、自行车修理店）进行宣传。

In addition to promoting tangible goods such as oranges , oatmeal , and olive oil , advertising helps publicize the intangible services of bankers , bike repair shops .

基于体验的服装设计指的是以消费者为中心，以创造特有的美好体验为目标，用有形的商品&服装，无形的服务创造出令消费者难以忘怀的感受的设计。

Experiencing fashion designs , taking the consumers as the center , experience as the way , apply the tangible goods & clothes and intangible services to provide an unforgettable enjoyment to the consumers .

随着市场经济的发展，品牌观念已经突破了传统的商品阈限，有形产品具有品牌，无形的服务也具有品牌，一个企业有企业品牌，一个城市也有形象品牌。

With the development of market-oriented economy , the concept of brand has already broken through the traditional " goods " threshold . Tangible product has its brand . So are intangible service , enterprises and cities .

旅游产品价值是由从自然界和人类社会中直接提取的初级资源、制造出的有形商品、无形的服务、难忘的体验、引导的转型构成。

The values of tourist experience product are made up of the primary resources directly acquired from the nature and human society , the tangibly commodity manufactured by the factory , the intangible service , the memorable experience , and the induced transformations .

孵化器是为创业企业提供有形或无形的孵化服务和种子基金的公司。

Companies that offer physical or virtual incubation services and some seed financing to start-up companies .

创造有价值的体验是商业健身俱乐部的营销目标，它既是一种无形商品和服务，又是顾客对健身的精神要求和忠诚内驱，是商业健身俱乐部服务优化的体现。

It is a marketing goal of the commercial health club to create the valuable experience , intangible goods and service and the spiritual needs and the loyal drive of the customers . It embodies the optimized service of the commercial health club .

认为，基础设施不仅涵盖了有形的物质设施和机构，而且涵盖了这些设施和机构所提供的有形或无形的产品或服务。

Infrastructure includes not only tangible establishments and institutions but also intangible products and services produced by these real components .

从有形的地理信息系统到无形的空间信息服务，是地理信息系统在技术发展和应用需求双重驱动下的必然发展趋势。

With the dual-driving of technology development and application demands , it is an inevitable trend for geographic information system develop from tangible GIS to intangible spatial information service .

理解政府服务的无形特征、政府服务质量的内涵与构成要素、政府服务成本等成为提高政府服务质量，从而提升政府形象的有效途径。

It is an effective way for improving government 's serve quality and thus enhancing government 's public image as to understand the invisible character and composition elements of the government 's services .

但在旅游活动中，旅游产品具有无形性、旅游服务具有综合性，这使得旅游合同中涉及的法律问题比较复杂，与其他典型合同有很大不同。

But in the tourist activity , the travelling products are invisible and the tourist service has comprehensiveness . This makes legal question involved in tourism contract more complicated , very different from other models contract .

近年来，满意度的定量测评在企业有形产品中的应用越来越多，但是在旅游企业的无形产品&旅游服务中的应用还是很少。

At present , more and more measures for satisfaction is applied to the tangible product of the corporation , but the measures applies to the intangible products of the tourist industry-tourist service is rather a little .