契约交易

寿险契约交易就需要通过法律对权利进行界定，保证交易承诺的可信性，有利于提高市场交易效率。

So the contract transaction of life insurance should be defined the right by laws so as to guarantee the reliability of promises and to increase efficiency of transaction .

因此，寿险制度首先包括寿险契约交易中的规则及对这些规则的法律规范。

Firstly , the life insurance system includes rules of life insurance transaction and legal norms of these transaction rules .

寿险产品是以契约交易的合同形式表现，那么寿险产品中一定蕴涵着契约思想，契约本身又有一个发展过程。

The life insurance product appears in forms of contract . So it implies contract thoughts and the contract itself is developing .

寿险契约交易的仅是交易双方的需求，体现的是交易成本最小化后的交易行为发生，并不能消除交易双方交易地位事实上的不平等。

The life insurance contracts transact the demand of both sides , and it means the transaction happened in minimizing cost , but it can not eliminate the unfair transaction position of both sides .

会计诚信作为企业契约交易主体对会计执行过程及其结果的一种理性要求，其实质同样是一种契约，我们称之为“会计诚信契约”。

Accounting faith , which is the rational requirement for the implementation and result by the transaction parties , actually is also a kind of contract that is called " accounting faith contract " here .

人力资本投资与积累是以理性预期为前提，在家庭、市场、企业的相互契约交易规则的安排下所进行的一种投资活动。

Human capital investment and accumulation are an activity of investment under the arrangement of the trading rules followed by the family , the market and the business contracted one another , with the rational expectation as the premise .

但是，MM理论所要求的一系列严格的假设前提，比如，不存在税收、信息完备、完全契约、交易成本为零等，显然与实际有很大距离。

However , the series of stringent assumptions required by the MM theory , such as non-existent tax , complete information , incomplete contracts , transaction cost is zero , apparently with the actual distance .

契约、交易费用与金融中介的产生

The Birth of Contract , Business Cost and Financial Intermediaries

劳动契约、交易费用与关系治理&华人家族企业内部治理行为分析

Labor Contract , Transact Cost and Relation Governance : Analysis on Internal Governance Behaviors in Chinese Clan Corporations

心理契约有交易型心理契约和关系型心理契约之分。本文通过问卷调查和回归分析，研究不同类型的心理契约对企业中不同层级个体的态度如何产生影响的问题。

Through questionnaire surveys and regression analyses , this paper makes investigation into how different kinds of psychological contracts affect the attitudes of individuals from different hierarchies .

其中，雇主与雇员关系由关系型契约向交易型契约的转变对员工的职业发展和组织的职业生涯管理产生了深远的影响。

The transition from " relational contact " to " transactional contact " had a lasting effect on career development of the employees and career management of the organizations .

新的以契约化交易为基础，以健全、高效的法律体系和执法体系为依托，适应市场经济条件的社会信用体系还未建立起来；

The credit crisis of the present stage is rooted in the background : the new credit system on the basis of contract deal depending on perfect legal setup haven 't been established ;

企业只能通过购买土地使用权来控制林地，期限通常为30年、50年或70年，可以像房地产契约那样交易和出售。

Companies can only control this land by acquiring a land use right , typically for 30 , 50 or 70 years , which can be traded and sold like a property deed .

国际贸易、契约安排与交易博弈

International Trade , Transaction Game and Contract Organizing

股权激励的理论基础主要包括委托代理理论、人力资本理论、不完全契约理论、交易成本理论。

The theoretical basis of equity-based incentives include principal-agent theory , human capital theory , incomplete contract theory , transaction cost theory .

成契理由是契约当事人的交易目的，契约效力不可缺失的实际评判标准。

The reason for accomplishing contract is the trading aim of the parties and the inalienable judging criterion for the effectiveness of the contract .

信用风险是金融契约中由于交易对手的信用质量发生了非预期的变化所导致的财务损失的分布，它几乎遍及所有的金融交易。

Credit risk is the distribution of financial losses due to unexpected changes in the credit quality of a counterparty in a financial agreement .

第二章主要对固定价格合同的含义与特征、、风险态度、效用理论、契约理论、交易成本理论、委托&代理理论等方面进行了归纳、梳理和分析。

In the second chapter , the definition and characteristic , contract theory , principal & agent theory , transaction cost theory are combed .

契约在证券交易中起基础性作用，因此契约责任是证券交易中的基本责任类型之一；

Contract plays a fundamental role in securities transactions , thus , contractual obligations are one of the basic types of obligations and liabilities in securities transactions .

在对比分析国内外管理学中的激励理论（内容理论和过程理论）和制度/契约经济学的交易费用理论基础上，总结出激励理论一个共同的心理学渊源&快乐/幸福需要原理。

Comparing domestic and international management theory and transaction cost theory , the paper sums up a common source of the motivation theory - - happiness needs principle .

在宏观社会资本不足的情况下，人们表现出明显的机会主义行为，此时动用个体社会资本形成关系契约是降低交易成本的有效办法。

When macro social capital is so insufficient that opportunist behaviors appear , the relational contract formed by individual social capital is an effective method to reduce transaction cost .

交易是经济学分析的基本单位，是通过产权的分割和再配置来分配经济租金的过程，而契约是完成交易的制度安排。

Transaction is the basic units of economic analysis , is a process of distributing economic rent by division of property right and relocation , wherever contract is the institution arrangement .

在交易成本方面，学部制改革通过学科整合、减少学术寻租、调整契约来降低交易费用，从而达到提高组织运行效率。

In terms of the transaction cost , division system reform through the integration to reduce rent-seeking academic adjustment of contract to reduce the transaction costs , so as to improve the organization efficiency .

本文首先从信用契约意义和交易成本的角度，重新界定了银行的职能，并提出了信用屏蔽和产权幻觉的概念；

In the first , from the meaning of credit contracts and transaction cost , the function of banks is defined again and definitions about credit-shield and property hallucination are provided in this thesis .

第三章为契约理论&交易费用论，在对交易费用论基本框架阐释的基础之上揭示了企业组织模式演进的内在逻辑；

, and so on . Chapter three is about contract theory ( transaction-cost theory ), explaining the basic structure of transaction - cost theory and revealing the internal logic of the evolution of enterprise organization model .

长期以来，中国国有企业的所有者缺位，所有者和经营者的价值取向和经营目标存在不一致，导致企业契约的实际交易成本增加。

The absence of ownership of Chinese state-owned enterprises , coupled with the misalignment of the values and objective of the owner and those of the management , has for a long time been causing the increase of real transaction cost of the agency contract .

本文在对公共品供给模式分析的基础上探讨了公共项目契约的形成和交易治理模式。

The article studies the formation and the governance mode of public project contract based on the analysis of public project supplying mode .

第二部分通过研究阻挠性契约及择业权交易契约，分析了企业如何通过约束员工的自由流动而降低人力资本投资的风险。

The second part focuses on how to reduce the risk of the human capital investment through decreasing the mobility of staff by studying two forms of contract .

根据契约结构和智力交易结构的不同要求，选择适宜于中餐特许经营的产品和模式对于中餐特许经营有着重要意义。

According to the different requirements of contractual structure and intelligence transaction structure the proper choice of the products and modes for the authorized management of Chinese food is of great significance .

同时运用实证研究的方法，设计问卷调查，分别将平衡型心理契约、关系型心理契约和交易型心理契约对隐性知识共享意愿的情况进行统计，通过SPSS软件对数据进行分析。

The methods of empirical , and questionnaires are used to collect statistics date of balanced psychological contract , relational psychological contract , transactional psychological and tacit knowledge sharing , and the SPSS software is also used to analyze the date mentioned above .