咨议局

咨议局的成立是清朝预备立宪的产物。

The establishment of the Provincial Assembly is a product of preparing constitutionalism in the Qing Dynasty .

咨议局，作为近代中国地方议会政治的重要基础，是清末立宪运动的产物，在晚清的政治舞台上发挥了重要作用。

The Provincial Assembly , as the important foundation of the local parliamentary system in the modern China , was the product of the constitutional movement in the late Qing Dynasty , and played a significant role on the political stage of that age .

试论清末广东咨议局的性质

On the nature of GuangDong Advisory Bureau in the late Qing Dynasty

由于特殊的原因，广东咨议局在许多方面显得与众不同。

Owing to some special conditions , GuangDong Advisory Bureau was very different from others .

第二章描述辛亥革命前江苏立宪派的政治活动，主要包括领导江苏资产阶级的反帝爱国斗争、组织立宪团体、开展地方自治、筹设领导江苏咨议局、倡导国会请愿等。

The second chapter states the political activities of the Constitutionalism Group of Jiangsu before the 1911 Revolution .

论湖北咨议局从主张立宪到参与武昌首义的转变

On the Transformation of Hubei Office of Advice and Discussion from Performing Constitutionalism to Participating in the First Uprising of Wuchang

然而对福建咨议局的研究是粗浅的，抛砖引玉是另外一个目的。

My study about the Tzu-I-chu of Fujian province is superficial , so another aim of mine is casting a brick to attract jade .

湖南咨议局采用多数决的方式集体决定问题，其议决案对巡抚具有一定的拘束力。

The Assembly of Hunan Provincial take majority decision by way of collective decision , the decision will have certain binding on the governor .

从结构上看，湖南咨议局具备现代地方议会的特征。

From a structural point of view , the Assembly of Hunan Provincial has some local characteristics of the local council with modern features .

本文是以湖南咨议局为例，关于清末咨议局的一项实证研究。

Taking the Assembly of Hunan Provincial as an example , this paper is an empirical study about the Provincial Assembly in late Qing Dynasty .

湖南咨议局是一个独立的官方机构，其议员通过复式选举民选产生，且在形式上地位平等。

The Assembly of Hunan Provincial is an independent official institution ; its members are elected through the double election , and in the form of equal status .

1909年，作为清政府“预备立宪”骗局产物之一的咨议局相继在各省成立。

In 1909 , as a result of the swindle of pre-establishment of constitution by the Qing Dynasty , Advisory Bureaus were established in each province one after another .

由蒲殿俊任议长的四川咨议局一成立，就把争路权作为自己的一项主要任务。

The Consulting and Discussing Office of Sichuan in which Pu Dian - jun served as a speaker regarded the right fighting for the railway as their main task after its establishing .

第三节，介绍了新思想在江苏省的传播，教育的普及程度以及由此而带来的绅民权利意识的觉醒，为江苏咨议局的筹备和运作中民间参与主体的积极性作了背景准备。

Section three is about the spread of new ideas in Jiangsu Province . The popularization of education and awakening of elites ' rights conscience led to the active preparatory work for a Provincial Assembly .

在此基础上，首先进行的是以厅州县为初选区选举省咨议局议员，虽然这次选举的是咨议局议员，但它使下层社会民众第一次有了参政的机会；

Although this level of election was to elect provincial councilor , it made the lower people have the chance of participate in government and political affairs for the first time in the history of China .

第一章导言部分首先对研究咨议局的学术史进行回顾，进而阐述本文研究的问题，接着介绍本文的选题依据、资料状况。

In chapter one , the introduction reviews the academic paper concerning the Provincial Assembly , and then discusses the issue of the research of this paper , and introduces the basis of the selected subject , material condition .

从选举、活动等方面可以看出，广东咨议局既代表了封建官僚和资产阶级上层的利益，是清朝“装饰门面”的产物，又在某种意义上具有“代议机关”的性质。

Its election and activities showed that while representing the interests of feudalist bureaucrats and upper class capitalists , and as something for appearance of the government , GuangDong Advisory Bureau also served as a kind of representative organization in a sense .

第四章则从行政方面进入，通过分析江西咨议局的议案执行效果，督抚、议员与咨议局这三者之间的关系，对咨议局的地位进行讨论。

The fourth chapter of the paper concentrates on the administrative part . Based on the discussion of executive effect of the bill , and of the relationship among governor-general , provincial governor , senator , and provincial assembly , it discusses the status of the provincial assembly .