助细胞

助细胞略小，核大质浓。

Synergid was relatively small with large nucleus and thick cytoplasm .

讨论了钙的分布与助细胞的退化及其功能的关系。

The relationship between calcium distribution and synergid degeneration as well as its functions was discussed .

他们从患者血液中提取出负责调动针对病毒免疫应答的T助细胞（Th细胞）。

They removed from each patient 's blood the cells called " helper T-cells " that would normally mobilise the immune response to the virus .

授粉后1h花粉管经珠孔及珠心表皮细胞间隙进入1个助细胞，并释放精子。

One hour after pollination , pollen tube goes through the intercellular space of nucellar epidermis and enters one of the synergids , releases two sperms .

约18～24h，花粉管进入胚囊，破坏一个助细胞，并在其珠孔端释放两个精子；

In about 18 ~ 24 hours , the pollen tube enters the embryo sac and destroys one of the two synergids , releasing 2 sperms in the micropylar end .

番茄的受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型。开花后6h，胚囊已受精，退化助细胞中钙含量进一步增加；

Double fertilization is the type of the Premitotic gametogamy . Six hours after anthesis at time when double fertilization had finished , the calcium deposits in the degenerated synergid increased .

应用透射电镜研究了临近受精时天竺葵（PelargoniumhortorumBailey）胚囊中的卵细胞、助细胞和中央细胞的结构。

The constituent cells of the female germ unit in the embryo sac of Pelargonium hortorum Bailey just before fertilization were studied using transmission electron microscope .

授粉后16h，花粉管进入胚囊，破坏1个助细胞，并将内含物释放入该助细胞内。精子与次生核融合比与卵核的融合快。

16 hours after pollination , one sperm nucleus moves to egg and enters it . The fusion of a sperm nucleus with a polar nucleus is faster than that with an egg cell .

沙冬青成熟胚囊助细胞的超微结构观察

Ultrastructural Observations on the Synergid of the Mature Embryo Sac in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus

其主要结果如下：1.助细胞的退化进程。

The main results are as follows : 1 , Synergid degeneration process .

水稻子房培养中助细胞无配子生殖的稳定性及其发育条件的探讨

On the stability of synergid apogamy in rice ovary culture and its developmental conditions

花粉管经由一个助细胞进入胚囊，并在助细胞中释放两个精子。

Pollen tube entered the embryo sac via one synergid and in it released two sperms .

早期分裂时期的胚可以利用胚柄，宿存和退化中的助细胞所提供的代谢物。

Early division phase embryos may use metabolites provided by the suspensor , persistent and degenerating synergids .

助细胞的丝状器在不同发育时期形态及大小不同；助细胞具丝状器；

The morphology and size of the filiform apparatus change with the development period of the synergids .

结果表明，胚可能起源于卵细胞和一个助细胞融合所形成的细胞。

The results obtained show that embryos probably derive from the cells combined by egg cell and synergid .

成熟的胚囊是五核胚囊：由近珠孔端的卵细胞和两个助细胞以及两个中央极核细胞构成的。

The mature embryo sac was one with five nucleus , i.e. , egg apparatus and two-nucleus central cell .

因宿存助细胞壁变厚，细胞质内出现脂滴，宿存助细胞可能仍有合成功能。

The persistent synergid may still have a synthetic function as its cell wall becomes thick and lipids occur .

细胞外被细胞壁，其合点端及侧方与助细胞共同壁不连续。

The cell wall surrounds the cell , but its chalzal ends and the lateral wall with synergid is discontinuous .

通过退化的助细胞进入胚囊，在珠孔端释两个精子。

And then , it enters the embryo sac by one degenerated synergid , releasing 2 sperms in the micropylar end .

成熟雌配子体由4细胞组成，即2助细胞，1卵细胞和1中央细胞。

The mature female gametophyte comprise four cells ( an egg cell , two synergids and a uninucleate central cell ) .

宿存助细胞到合子后期才会退化完全。2.受精前、后的卵细胞。

Night latch help cells to zygotic period will be degraded completely . 2 , After the egg cells before fertilization .

助细胞有一较大的核，位于细胞膨大的部位，众多的小液泡遍布细胞质中。

The synergid possesses a larger nucleus located in the expanded portion of the cell and many small vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm .

助细胞的形态结构已研究得比较清楚，但有关助细胞的发育机理和它在受精过程中的作用则仍不明确。

The structure of both synergids is clear , but the developmental mechanism and the roles during fertilization are not yet understood .

花粉管到达子房，通过退化助细胞进入胚囊，释放出两个精细胞。

When pollen tubearrives at ovary and enters embryo sac by de-generated synergid , two sperm cells are released into the cell .

因此，卵细胞与中央细胞，卵细胞与助细胞，或助细胞与中央细胞之间，只有质膜作为分界。

And only plasma membranes exist asa boundary between egg and central cell , egg and synergid , or synergid and central cell .

授粉后约108小时左右花粉管破坏一个助细胞，将两个精子释放在卵细胞一侧。

The pollen tube destroys a synergid and release two sperms on one side of the egg cell about 108 hours after pollination .

成熟胚囊包含卵器（由两个助细胞、一个卵细胞组成），中央细胞及三个反足细胞。

A mature embryo sac is composed of egg apparatuses ( two synergids and one egg cell ), central cells and three antipodal cells .

在1%的胚囊中两个助细胞均退化，不只2条花粉管进入胚囊。

In about 1 % embryo sacs , both 2 synergids are degenerated , and more than 2 pollen tubes enter the embryo sac .

蓝猪耳中央细胞和助细胞分离：在对以上分离技术不断完善和改进的基础上，我们分离出了受精前后的中央细胞以及不同时期的助细胞。

Isolation of the central cells and synergids : Unfertilized and fertilized central cells and synergid cells of the different stages were also isolated by improving isolation techniques .

成熟胚中胚柄宿存。传粉后，一个助细胞退化，宿存助细胞至椭形胚期尚存在。

The suspensor remains as the seed reaches maturity . After pollination one synergid degenerates and one synergid still exists during the ellipsoidal embryo stage and undergoes a slow degeneration .