分工水平

分工水平对农村贫困形成的影响分析&以云南省昭通市为例

The Impact of Labor Division on Formation of Rural Poverty

只有具备一定的专业化分工水平，农村专业合作经济组织才得以产生并节约内生交易费用。

When specialized , the cooperatives are likely to save transaction cost .

但其专业化分工水平不高，难以形成规模经济，导致产业内贸易水平极低。

But the inferior degree of specialization and scale economic leads to the level of intra-industry trade now keeps very low .

对我国农村地区1979-1999年的实证分析也说明了农民人均收入与商品化程度及分工水平有正相关关系。

Data during 1979 to 1999 in the rural area explain that per capita income of peasant and degree of commercialization are positively related .

专业化经济与范围经济的权衡最终确定最优分工水平；从非排它性要素的配置说明了范围经济对分工的限制。

We also conclude that the level of division of labor is determined by the Trade off between economies of specialization and economies of scope .

分工水平成为衡量经济增长质量的重要指标，就业水平成为衡量经济增长数量的重要指标。

Thus , the level of labor division becomes an important index to measure quality of economic growth , while the level of employment becomes an index to measure the quantity of economic growth .

本文认为二元经济反差源于两部门不同的分工水平，结构转变的趋向必须在分工演进的视角下才可能得到解释。

The paper consider that dual economic lies in the difference in level of labor division of two sectors , and the transform tendency of dual structure should be explained from the viewpoints of labor division .

民族地区的特殊性造成社会分工水平低下、经济发展落后、交易费用高、流通效率低，减少了流通专业化收益、增加了流通组织成本，导致民族地区流通产业演进发展缓慢。

The particularities of the ethnic regions result in low level of division of labor , backward economic development , high transaction cost and low circulation efficiency , which reduce professional gains and increase organizing cost .

贝克尔&墨菲模型通过引入分工水平和人力资本变量，揭示了分工与分工协调成本及知识进展之间的关系。

The Becker-Murphy model explored the relationship between the division of labor and the coordination costs and the development of knowledge by introducing the variables about " the level of the division of labor " and " human capital " .

实证研究结果表明：首先，从整体上来看，技术溢出与垂直专业化分工水平没有明显的线性关系，在本文的研究背景下，产业竞争力的提高并没有使垂直专业化分工水平得到提高。

The results are as follows : Firstly , there is not obvious linear relationship between the vertical specialization and technological spillovers from the whole point of view in the context of this research . The level of the vertical specialization is not improved .

本文认为，不同于新经济地理学模型结论，这个阶段农村剩余劳动力的流动可以有效地促进两个地区之间和地区内部的制造业产业内分工水平。

This article is different from the New Economic Geography model conclusions , at this stage ; the flow of rural surplus factor can be effective in promoting the devision level of the manufacturing sector and intra-industrial within the two areas and between regions .

高度重视全球产业转移的趋势，提高中国物流产业参与国际分工的水平。

And third , pay more attention to the trend of global industrial transformation and further encourage China 's logistic industry to take part in international labor division .

城市现代物流对促进城市工业生产、金融、服务等其他经济的协调发展，提高社会分工协作水平，带动区域经济和产业结构调整具有重要的现实意义。

City modern logistics is very important signification for promoting city industry level , developing finance and serve industry , improving level of social cooperation , developing of regional economy and adjusting industry structure .

比如我国的企业集群大多创新能力弱、分工协作水平低、根植性差，而发达国家企业集群也需要产业升级和面临空洞化问题。

But Enterprises clusters both in developed and developing countries are confronted with sustaining development problems , such as weak innovation , low labor division level and weak embeddedness in Chinese clusters , and industry upgrading or inanition in developed countries clusters .

台商逐步把岛内趋于成熟的制造业、部分电子资讯业和服务业转移至大陆，两岸产业分工走向水平分工与垂直分工的混合模式。

Taiwanese investors have gradually moved their mature industries such as manufacture industry , parts of the electronic and information industry and service industry to the Mainland . A mixed model with both horizontal and vertical industrial division-of-labor across the Straits has come into shape .

海峡经济区将带来巨大的区域合作效应，要在农业、制造业、高新技术产业、服务业和海洋开发等方面建立垂直分工与水平分工相结合的产业分工合作体系；

The Straits Economic Zone will bring about enormous regional cooperation . The industrial division and cooperation system , which is combined with vertical division and horizontal division , will be established in agriculture , manufacture , high-tech industry , professional service and sea exploration .

当企业内部分工达到一定水平后，由于受到企业组织边界的限制，企业内部分工结构渐趋平衡。

When the inner division comes to some extent , because of the restriction of the restriction outskirts , the labor-division of the enterprise is become balanced .

要在开放型经济中实现我国钢铁产业的持续、高效扩张，必须致力于提高其产业内分工和贸易水平。

Therefore , to realize the sustained and high efficient expansion of our steel industry in opened economic environment , efforts shall be made to improve the level of labor division and trade within the industry .

西部大开发必须大力提高分工与专业化水平

Division and Specialization Must be Enhanced in Western Development

论文的主要内容与框架结构安排如下：两岸产业正由“垂直分工”向“水平分工”转变。

The thesis is arranged as follows . The industries are divided horizontally .

分工演进与收入水平的增加

Evolution Division and Farmers ' Income Increasing

社会分工和专业化水平的提高，是商业产生、繁荣和持续发展的源泉，而社会分工和专业化水平的提高能够促进经济增长，是新兴古典经济学的思想精髓。

The enhancement of social division and specialization can stimulate economic growth , which is the essence of new classical economics .

也就是说分工和经济发展水平是由两种因素决定的，一是制度知识；二是技术知识。

That is to say , the division and the economic developing level are determined by two factors : institutional knowledge and technological knowledge .

经济持续增长，综合国力显著增强，参与国际分工的程度、水平都有很大提高，已经形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放格局。

The sustainable economic growth , enhanced comprehensive national strength and the improved level of international division participation illuminate that the omni-directional , multi-leveled and wide-ranging opening situation has been formed in China .

本文从新兴古典经济学的这一思路出发，依据中国西部产业特质，阐明西部经济要发展，必须提高西部社会分工和专业化水平，推动西部商业发展。

This paper , based on the new classical theory and the characteristics of West China 's industries , states that the development of western economy must improve social division and specialization and promote commercial development in the west .

前现代社会，社会分工简单，生产力水平低下，每个人都是公开透明的，建立一种温馨的社会共同体，有一个固定的安身立命之所，成为每一个社会个体的共同追求。

In pre-modern society , social division of labor was simple , productivity level was low , every one was open and transparent , and building a warm social community with fixed places to settle down became the common pursuit of each individual in the community .

要打破这种均衡，就需要依赖市场的扩大进一步深化分工，提升专业化分工水平，从而实现规模经济。

To break such equilibrium , we need depend on the extension of market to deepen labor-division more , advance the level of specialization labor-division , thereby , carry out scale economy .

但此时的台商主力，已经从传统产业转向信息高科技，两岸产业分工也由垂直分工转向水平复合分工。

The bulk majority of this investment " fever " has spread from traditional industries to information and high-tech industries . And industrial distribution between Taiwan and mainland changed from vertical to horizontal .

10+3区域合作的有利条件在于其经济关系的互补性和国际分工所具有的从垂直分工向水平分工转化的特点；

On the basis of economic complementarity and transformation from vertical division to horizontal division , 10 + 3 will go ahead in the future .

产业内贸易作为一种贸易形式反映了国际分工的格局，不同的产业内贸易水平说明各国处在不同的国际分工水平上。

As a from of trade , Intra-industry trade reflects the pattern of international division of labor . Different levels of intra-industry trade show that countries in the international division of labor are on different levels .