出租车牌照

出租车牌照制反映出了“监管俘获”（regulatorycapture）现象，即原本旨在服务公众的监管却被行业利益所劫持。

Taxi licensing illustrates regulatory capture , the phenomenon by which regulation intended to serve the public is hijacked by industry interests .

但在伦敦，任何通过“知识”（TheKnowledge）考试的人都可免费获发出租车牌照。这是一项很难的考试，考试内容是出租车司机必须掌握的伦敦地理知识。伦敦的出租车别具特色，外观是黑色的。

London , however , issues licences freely to anyone who passes " The Knowledge , " the demanding test of London 's geography required of drivers of the distinctive black cabs .

法兰克福一家法庭禁止了其UberPop“拼车”服务——该服务通过一款智能手机应用，为没有出租车牌照的车主招揽乘客。

This time it is in Germany , where a Frankfurt court has banned its Uber Pop " ride-sharing " service that introduces passengers to unlicensed drivers through a smartphone app .

如果负责颁发出租车牌照的伦敦运输局（TfL）明确规定，新加入的出租车必须遵循伦敦统一的设计，那么这种情况原本是可以避免的。

This could have been avoided if Transport for London , which licenses taxis , had insisted on a recognisably London design for new entrants .

最终是爱尔兰法院出面，宣布限制出租车牌照数量是违法的。

It was left to the Irish courts to declare the restrictions on numbers unlawful .

在纽约，如今一块出租车牌照的价值已超过100万美元。

In New York , the value of a taxi medallion now exceeds $ 1m .

随后不到两年，都柏林的出租车牌照数量就增加了两倍多。

Within two years , the number of cab licences in Dublin had increased more than threefold .

他解释说，他的同事的退休金，部分来自转售自己的出租车牌照所得。

He explained that his colleagues rely on the onward sale of taxi licences to fund their pensions .

为此，在提高现行法律层级的基础上，我国必须重构现行的数量控制模式，并真正赋予公民个人以申领出租车牌照的权利。

Thus , besides improving current law hierarchy , we should reconstruct the present mode of quantity control and give every individual citizen the right to apply for taxi license .

然而，这项服务将由广州4家拥有出租车牌照的出租车公司提供，在优步被关闭之前，这些出租车公司面临来自优步的竞争。

However , the journeys will be provided by the four taxi companies with licences to operate in Guangzhou , which had faced competition from Uber before it was shut .

他希望能拿到出租车牌照，以便补贴每个月104美元的离职补偿。他说补偿金还不够过日子用的，更别说还给妻子看病欠下的6000美元医药费了。

He hopes to secure a taxi license to augment his severance of $ 104 a month , which he says is not enough to get by on , much less pay back the $ 6000 he borrowed for his wife 's medical bills .

想想纽约出租车牌照制度：在没有牌照的情况下你不能开出租车，出租车牌照不时成为数百万美元的资产，往往归投资者所有，由其以每天100美元或更高的价格把牌照租给司机。

Consider the New York taxi medallion system : you can 't drive a taxicab without one , and they 've been million-dollar assets at times , often owned by investors and leased to drivers at a rate of $ 100 or more a day .

出租车牌照成为稀缺资产，纯粹是由监管者的一纸文书造成的。在这种情况下，即使不是狂热的自由主义者，你也能看出监管者的动机是保护这些资产的价值。

Taxi medallions are a scarce asset created purely by a stroke of the regulator 's pen , and you don 't need to be a hardcore libertarian to conclude that , in this case , the regulator is motivated by protecting the value of this asset .

专车服务在中国是非法的，尤其是地方政府打击滴滴和美国打车应用优步（Uber）蚕食有利可图的出租车专营牌照制度的行为，对这些公司的司机进行处罚。

Private taxis are illegal in China and local governments in particular have fought against the encroachment by Didi and Uber , the US ride-hailing app , on lucrative licensed taxi monopolies by fining the companies " drivers .

我认识一位年轻的毕业生，她近期找到了一份工作：在伦敦最南部给出租车发牌照。

I know a young graduate who has just been hired to hand out licences to taxi cabs in deepest south London .

纽约的出租车司机大多租用牌照，而不持有牌照。

most New York cabbies rent rather than own licences .

人们对投资者或许就没这么多同情心了；纽约的出租车司机大多租用牌照，而不持有牌照。

One might have less sympathy for investors ; most New York cabbies rent rather than own licences .

在比亚迪之前，日产（Nissan）和Frazer-Nash集团旗下的Metrocab也计划向伦敦出售出租车，而梅赛德斯-奔驰（Mercedes-Benz）旗下的威霆（Vito）乘用车已经获得出租车牌照、成为了伦敦街头的常见面孔。

BYD follows Nissan and Metrocab - part of the Frazer-Nash group - which plan to sell taxis in London , and Mercedes-Benz , whose Vito people carriers are already ploughing through the capital as licensed taxis .

最近在法国搭出租车时，司机问我：“伦敦的出租车司机退休时会怎么做？”他解释说，他的同事的退休金，部分来自转售自己的出租车牌照所得。

My local French driver asked recently : " What do London cabbies do when they retire ? " He explained that his colleagues rely on the onward sale of taxi licences to fund their pensions .