冷却率

文中对计算结果进行了详细的分析和讨论，较为真实的反映了中国大陆部分地区加热率和冷却率的状况以及不同地域的差别。

The result were analyzed and discussed in detail , and it truly reflected the status of solar heating rate and infrared cooling rate , as well as geographical difference .

结果表明，在大气低层窗区e型吸收的冷却率小于非窗区的水汽冷却率，约占总冷却率的1／3；

The results show in the lower atmosphere , the cooling rate of the water vapour e-type absorption of window region is less than that of non - window region and is about 1 / 3 of the total water vapour cooling rate .

根据实验回归分析的响应面法和中心组合实验设计法的基本规则，建立面向冷却率的电极对流换热性能评价的响应面模型，并引入方差分析和F检验，验证模型的显著性。

According to the basic rules of response surface method and center utilized design method , response surface model for performance evaluating of electrode heat convection is built . Leading in the variance analysis and F test , validation of model significance is done .

本文详细地讨论了H2O，CO2，O3，N2O以及CH4这五种大气主要红外活性气体的红外吸收带的重迭及其处理方法对长波冷却率及通量计算的影响。

The effect of the main infrared overlapping bands of the major infrared active gaseous such as H2O , CO2 , O3 N2O and CH4 and its treatment on the calculation of flux and cooling rate due to long-wave radiation is investigated in this paper .

同时，我们还发现：比辐射率模式在CO2和O3长波冷却率的计算中带来较大的误差；使用CG近似的各种带模式方法都程度不同地带来误差；

It is also shown that the emissivity method induces a significant error in the calculations of the longwave cooling rate due to CO2 and O3 . The band models using CG approximation to deal with inhomogeneous paths also induces errors , more or less .

水汽红外冷却率的精确计算

An exact calculation of infrared cooling rate due to water vapor

污染大气边界层的长波冷却率模式

Longwave cooling rate model for polluted atmospheric boundary layer

大气中长波辐射冷却率的省时计算法

An economic method for calculation of long wave radiation cooling rate in the atmosphere

对流层内各层大气的辐射差额及其辐射冷却率。

The atmospheric radiation balance and the net radiation cooling rate in tropo-spheric layers .

如果包含冷却率乘数，就输出它的值。

If so , I output that value .

一氧化氮冷却率的变化及其作用

Variations nitric oxide cooling rate and its effect

结果表明：气体吸收带的重迭对大气红外冷却率具有重要的作用；

The results show that the effect of overlapping bands is dependent on the atmospheric level .

利用带模式方法计算了低层大气的长波冷却率。

In this paper , we use the band model to calculate the atmospheric long-wave cooling rates .

在大气窗区，大气气溶胶和水汽的连续吸收对长波冷却率的影响是同等重要的。

The effects of the atmospheric aerosol and continuum absorption on longwave cooling can be of equal importance .

最后，通过检查此对象是否包含冷却率乘数测试解析过程。

Finally , I tested the parsing by checking to see if the object contained a cooling rate multiplier .

应用本模型分析了冷却率、结晶取向数、温度等因素对于晶粒微观结构演化的影响。

The effects of cooling rate , numbers of crystallization orientation , and temperature on the microstructural evolution of grains are also discussed .

近地面层和行星边界层及整个大气层白天的大气加热率和夜晚的大气冷却率基本相当，大气能量基本守恒；

But the heating rates were equivalent to the cooling rates in SL and PBL , therefore , the atmospheric energy is conservative ;

部件设计与铸造技术必须保证金属成分与结构始终保持均匀、冷却率均匀分布。

Component design and casting techniques must ensure that metal composition and structures remain uniform throughout and that cooling rates are evenly distributed .

文中将加热率和冷却率的计算结果以及与之相关的模式计算结果（可见光波段的大气辐射收支和红外波段的大气辐射收支）以数据表和曲线图的形式列出。

The results of solar heating rate and infrared cooling rate and the model output were displayed as data forms and curves in the paper .

同时，将大气状况和辐射状况以及加热率和冷却率曲线一一对应，做到时间上的一致。

The atmosphere status and the irradiance , as well as the curves of heating and cooling rate corresponded one to one in order to keep time consist .

采用集总热容法来确定铝块的冷却率从而算出冲击平均换热系数，并整理成准则形式。

The lumped-capacity method is used to determine the cooling rate of the aluminium target and the mean heat transfer coefficients which are in turn correlated in dimensionless parameters .

本文计算了冬、夏两季在平原和高原地区分别有低云、高云和当高、低云同时出现时的短波辐射增热率，长波辐射冷却率以及高低云之间的相互影响。

The atmospheric radiative heating and cooling rates are calculated when one layer high cloud or low cloud appears or two layers of cloud appear simultaneously in plain and plateau areas .

本文用一种新的红外透过率模式计算了对流层和平流层水汽的长波（0&2380cm~（-1））冷却率分布。

The long-wave ( 0-2380 cm - 1 ) cooling rate due to water vapor in the troposphere and the stratosphere has been calculated by a new infrared transmission model in this paper .

结果表明：在近地面层，大气窗区（730&1200cm~（-1））（主要是水汽连续吸收）对总的冷却率贡献很大，在1公里处大约占72%；

It is shown that the atmospheric window region ( 730-1200 cm-1 ) ( mainly water vapor continuum ) has a significant contribution to the total cooling near the surface , with 72 % at the level of 1 km ;

本文的结果较为真实地反映了夏季我国东部地区的早、晚太阳加热率与红外冷却率的状况，及部分影响因子改变时的当地太阳加热率与红外冷却率的变化情况。

Analysis shows that the result of this paper reflected the solar heating and infrared cooling rates correctly in summer in east part of China , and the relation between the changing factors and local solar heating and infrared cooling .

文中给出了4月大气浑浊度系数约由0.1增大到0.6，在沙漠和绿洲上空沙尘层（850～600hPa）内大气的附加短波、长波和净加热/冷却率。

The additional shortwave , longwave and net radiative heating rate in the dust layer ( near the surface from 850 to 600 hPa ) in the desert and oasis are estmated respectively with the atmospheric turbidity coefficients of 0.1 to 0.6 .

云对沙尘层辐射加热（冷却）率的影响与云的高度和厚度有关。

The impacts of clouds on the radiative heating rate depend on the height and thickness of clouds .

日照时数、云量和特殊天气过程（如冷空气活动、沙尘天气和降水等）对大气加热（冷却）率有很大影响。

Moreover , sunshine duration , cloud cover and some special weather systems have important influences on the rates .

本研究应用模糊最适化求得批次啤酒发酵程序之冷却水流率与发酵时间。

Fuzzy optimization was applied to obtain the cooling rate and fermentation time of the batch beer fermentation process .

研究结果表明：6063铝合金采用173的Mg、Si质量比，加入03%稀土，经挤压后在250℃进行退火，然后随炉冷却，热导率比原来提高了95%。

The result suggested that 6063 aluminum alloy 's thermal conductivity has improved 9.5 % after using the ratio between 1.73 Mg and Si , adding 0.3 % rare-earth , preserving the heat at 250 ℃ after extruding , and then cooling with the stove .