方士

此文学形象的演变既形象诠释了方仙道向神仙道教演进的规律，亦集中反映出方士小说与道士小说之间的嬗递关系。

This literary figure vividly interprets the evolution changing from necromancy to Taoism , and mainly shows the successive change from necromancer novels to Taoist novels .

而那个方士，便是传说中的徐福？

But that square private , would be legendary Xu Fu ?

其一，方士是这一时期小说的主要创作者。

Firstly , alchemists were the main novel authors in this period .

接着分析了这些小说中的方士形象。

Then the images of the alchemists are analyzed in these novels .

汉代方士对中央与地方政局的影响

The Influence on the Central and the Local Political Situation Produced by Han Alchemists

方士徐福东渡日本是自“千童城”启航

Xu Fu navigated to Japan was form the place named " thousand children city "

小说从一开始就受到方术文化的深刻影响，方士是最早的小说创作者。

Fiction was deeply influenced by Alchemy culture at first . Alchemists were the early novel creators .

对于方士和六朝小说，前人已有很多的研究论著。

For the alchemists and the Six Dynasties ' novels , previous studies have been on a lot .

结合文献分析，可知它是我国迄今为止发现的最早的方士的炼丹实物；

According to ancient Chinese documents , it is the earliest alchemistic material found so far in China .

战国神仙方士文化本与鬼神无涉，它是如何成为孕育早期道教的文化要素呢？这就要我们注意秦汉神仙方士文化发生的第一个转变&神学化。

What is the bridge between the culture of supernatural being and alchemist in the Warring states and early Taoism ?

汉代时，佛教的传入启发了某些神仙方士，刺激了道教进一步发展。

In Han Dynasty , the introduction of Buddhism inspired some fairy Taoist alchemists and stimulated the further development of Taoism .

秦汉神仙方士文化是孕育早期道教产生的重要文化要素。

The culture of supernatural being and alchemist in Qin and Han Dynasties is an important cultural integrant being pregnant with early Taoism .

魏晋南北朝时期，志怪小说初次以蓬勃的面貌出现在我们面前，方士是其兴盛的一个重要因素。

During Wei , Jin , Northern and Southern Dynasties , supernatural tales began to flourish . Alchemist was an important factor in the flourishing .

它在文化史上具有重要的意义，甚至影响了方士群体的出现及道教起源，可作更深层次的研究。

It has important meaning in the cultural history , even affected the emergence of the supernatural being and alchemist and Taoism . The above subjects are worthy of further research .

东汉也是儒学发展曲折的时代，由于最高统治者对谶纬的倡导，导致儒学神秘化，儒士方士化，士林充斥着虚妄与迷信。

The Eastern Han Dynasty is the most dirty age of Confucianism too , because the supreme ruler of prophetic-mixed advocacy , lead it to mystification , Confucian scholars are akin to necromancer , scholastic filled with false and superstition .

另外，王充还批判了“度世不死”、“修炼成仙”的思想以及祭祀、占卜等迷信活动，探讨了迷信存在的根源，批判了形形色色的方士，将无神论思想发展到更高的水平。

Wang Chong also attacked the pursuit of immortality through practicing alchemy as well as other superstitious practice such as sacrifice offering and soothsaying . By exploring the root of superstition , Wang Chong helped to push the Chinese atheism to a higher level .

汉代的著名方士并不仅仅从事占卜、祠神、求仙等迷信活动，他们往往精通儒家经典，而且在中央和地方各级政权中任职，对政局产生了重要的影响。

The famous Alchemists-in the Han dynasty not only went in for divination , offering sacrifice to the gods and superstition activities and so on , they always experted at the Confucianists classics , but also they held a post in the central and the local political power .

檀君神话的文化内涵有熊、虎图腾文化、方士文化、佛教文化以及其他的汉文化等几个层面，反映了中国古代文化对大同江流域的强烈影响。

The article holds that culturally " Tangun myth " contains bear and tiger totem culture , alchemist culture , Buddhist culture and other aspects of Han culture , and it reflects the ancient Chinese cultural influence upon the Taedong River reaches as well as its obvious historical consciousness .