闭合导线

Excel在公路闭合导线内业工作中的应用

Application of Excel in Indoor Work of Highway Closed Traverse

考虑到导线可能以GPS点为起算点构成无定向导线，同时，无定向导线也适用于附和导线和闭合导线，因此，以无定向导线为基础，使导线间接平差数学模型更具普遍意义。

Mathematical model of traverse parameter adjustment based on nondirective traverse is widely used considering nondirective traverse not only suits for traverse using point of GPS as start one , but also for connecting traverse and closed traverse .

闭合导线测量中边长系统误差分析

Systematic Error Analysis on Length of Side in Closed Traverse Survey

闭合导线管直至锁止片牢固接合。

Close the wiring duct until the locking lugs engage securely .

对闭合导线假闭合现象的探讨

A Study of the Untrue Closing Phenomenon of Closed Traverse

折叠形隧道闭合导线环的平差计算

Adjustment on the Folded Closed Strip Traverse Loops for Tunnel Shape Shadow

用闭合导线测量地籍面积时的精度估算

Accuracy Estimation of Land Area in Cadastral Surveying by Closed Traverse Method

边长系统误差对闭合导线成果影响的分析

Analysis of Systematic Errors ' Influence on Closed Traverse Product

闭合导线的连接角观测与平差

The Survey and Adjustment of Closed Traverse Connected Angle

道路立交平面线形圆心连线闭合导线设计法

Closed-traverse method of center-center lines of circles in horizontal alignment design of road interchange

关于闭合导线测量连接角的问题

Problem of connection angle in closed traverse

闭合导线测量时，有时会出现一种假闭合现象。

When surveying the closed traverse , sometimes there appears a kind of untrue closing phenomenon .

这样，可以检核闭合导线测量的粗差和提高它的精度。

Like this , it can check the mistake and increase its precision of closed traverse ` s measure .

闭合导线测量时，要同时对两个连接角进行观测及平差。

In the closed traverse measure , it should survey the two connected angle and adjustment at the same time .

在闭合导线内业计算中，由于连接角没有检核条件，因而对连接角未进行改正。

In office calculation of closed traverse , the angle of connection is not corrected , because there is no check condition .

正确合理地考虑闭合导线连测误差的影响，有助于提高闭合导线点的精度。

It could advance accuracy of closed traverse point if we reasonably thought of the error of closed traverse s measuring of attachment .

在闭合导线测量中，导线边长如果存在系统误差，解算出的成果仍然可能满足现行规范中的各项精度指标。

The final products of closed traverse survey might be still match the precision index mark of the current specification if systematic errors exist within traverse leg .

介绍了单一导线（具有一个连接角的附合导线、标准附合导线、无定向附合导线、闭合导线）简易平差的基本公式；

The basic formula of facility adjustment of singleness traverse , such as connecting traverse having one connecting angle , standard connecting traverse , connecting traverse without directional angle , general closed traverse , is introduced ;

通过新桥矿业近井点控制网的测设，讨论了近井网布设的优化问题，同时对测距闭合导线有可能存在的伪闭合现象提出了有针对性的对策。

Through the practice of near shaft-control net at Xinqiao Mine , the optimization of the lay-out of near shaft-net is discussed and the countermeasures for the false closing phenomenon that may exist in the closing line for ranging are proposed .

同时得出，闭合EDM无定向导线是一种很有潜力及值得推荐使用的导线。

Meanwhile the paper suggests that non-directional closed electronic distance measurement ( EDM ) traverse is potential and valuable in the network design and use .

否则，应从一已知点出发测至另一已知点以资校核，此时其闭合差应与导线边长成正比反符号进行分配。

Otherwise , it should be checked from one known point to another with proportional anti-symbol allocation between closing error and the length of side .