现金发行

我国电子现金发行的组织模式研究

Research on Organization Model of E-cash Issuance in China

而实际生活中，由多家银行参与现金发行的、商家和用户可使用不用银行的电子现金系统更为实用。

But as we know , multi-bank e-cash system where every bank can issue e-cash , shops and their users can use different banks is more practical than the single-bank one .

股份回购可以通过减少资产负债表上的现金和股票发行数量，来增加投资者的回报。美国SteelPartners等维权活跃分子基金普遍要求公司进行股份回购。

Buy-backs , which can increase returns for investors by reducing cash on the balance sheet and cutting the number of shares in issue , are a common demand of activist funds , such as Steel Partners of the US .

但是扮演着现实世界中央行角色的群管理员具有打开签名（即确定电子现金的签发行）的权限，这在现实世界某些情况中是不允许的。

However , the group manager of group blind signature scheme who plays the role of central bank in the real world has the unnecessary privilege to determine the issuing bank .

家得宝随后宣布，将进行资本重组，计划（目前仅完成了一半）以出售HDSupply所得资金，通过回购225亿美元股票，向股东返还现金，并计划发行120亿美元债券。

The retailer then announced it would restructure its capital , with plans currently only half completed to return cash to shareholders by buying back $ 22.5bn in shares , funded by the HD Supply sale and a planned $ 12bn bond issue .

两国之间的贸易流，为商业银行在诸如贸易融资、现金管理和债券发行与保函发放等方面提供了赚钱的机会。

The flows offer lucrative opportunities for commercial banks in areas such as trade finance , cash management and bond and guarantee issuance .

该方案应用于电子现金方案中，各银行就是环中成员，所有人（包括央行）都无法知道某一电子现金的签发行。4.适用于群组的环签名方案。

While the ring blind signature is applied to e-cash system , ring members play the role of banks and anyone including the central bank has the the unnecessary privilege to determine the issuing bank . 4 .