泛素化

SUMO的生化反应途径与泛素化有类似之处，但不同的是会使蛋白质更加稳定。而不是降解蛋白质。

The biochemical effects of SUMO are somehow similar with those of ubiquitin , but SUMO stabilizes proteins , not degrades .

泛素化途径与细胞周期的关系

Regulation of cell cycle by the ubiquitin pathway

p53核输入功能在鼠双微体2调节的p53蛋白降解和泛素化中的作用

Nuclear import of p53 in relation to MDM2-mediated degradation and ubiquitination

生物体内许多重要的生物学过程受到严格的调控，如细胞生长调控，DNA损伤修复和蛋白质的泛素化等。

A variety of important biological events are strictly regulated , such as cell growth , DNA repair and protein ubiquitination .

泛素化过程除了参与蛋白酶体降解之外，还参与调节许多生物学过程，包括细胞内转运，DNA修复，信号传导和蛋白质蛋白质相互作用。

Ubiquitination is a key mechanism in regulating many biological processes not only proteasome degradation , but also endocytic trafficking , DNA repair , signal transduction and protein-protein interaction .

机制上，我们发现过表达HPD可以增强TNFα刺激引起的NEMO泛素化修饰。

We found over-expression of HPD augments the ubiquitination of NEMO stimulated by TNF α .

总的来说，p53应对DNA损伤的生物活性是和其转录后的修饰状态密切相关的，特别是特殊位点的磷酸化、乙酰化和泛素化。

In general , p53 biological activity in responding to DNA damage is tightly regulated by its post-translational modification status , particularly by site-specific phosphorylation , acetylation and ubiquitination .

PKA磷酸化p21~（WAF）后对其泛素化修饰和稳定性的影响

Phosphorylation of p21 ~ ( WAF ) by PKA affects its ubiquitination and stability

E3酶特异地指定底物，在泛素化作用中起到了重要作用。

Since the E3 enzymes specify the subtracts , they play the most important role in the ubiquitylation reaction .

PR和其他核受体的转录活性与蛋白的转录后共价修饰有关，它会影响到蛋白质的结构和蛋白质与蛋白质之间的相互作用。这些修饰包括蛋白质的磷酸化、乙酰化、泛素化和SUMO化。

The transcriptional regulation of PR and other nuclear receptors has been linked to protein post-translational covalent modifications , which alters protein structure on protein-protein interactions .

泛素化修饰属于蛋白质翻译后修饰，在细胞的各种生命活动进程如细胞周期、信号转导、转录调节、DNA修复、细胞凋亡等中发挥着至关重要的作用。

The ubiquitination , which belongs to the protein post-translational modification , plays a critical role in the life process of cells , such as cell cycle , signal transduction , transcriptional regulation , DNA repair , and cell apoptosis and so on .

MDM2在正常细胞内介导p53泛素化及降解，但在HPV阳性细胞中p53的泛素化及降解完全由E6/E6-AP复合物介导。

P53 ubiquitination and degradation is mediated by MDM2 in normal cells . However , in HPV positive cells the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 is mediated by E6 / E6-AP complex completely .

因此，F-box蛋白质介导的泛素化蛋白质降解途径可能是植物基因表达调控的重要机制。

Therefore , F-box protein mediated proteolysis may be an important gene expression mechanism in plants .

对功能已知的EST序列，其功能主要涉及抗病信号转导、转录调节、泛素化途径、活性氧代谢、过敏反应、防卫反应、初级代谢、次生代谢、系统性获得性抗性等。

The function of those best matched protein mainly involves resistance signals transduction , transcriptional regulation , elementary metabolic , ubiquitin pathway , active oxygen metabolism , hypersensitive response , defense response et al .

REGγ是一种20S蛋白酶体激活因子，促进了真核生物体内蛋白质的非泛素化非ATP依赖的蛋白质降解过程，在细胞周期调控以及人类的多种疾病发生发展中发挥重要的作用。

The proteasome activator REG γ has been reported to promote ubiquitin-and ATP-independent proteolysis in eukaryotes and plays an important role in cell cycle regulation and a variety of human diseases development .

AUX/IAA蛋白的泛素化降解在生长素反应中发挥关键性作用，ARF和AUX/IAA蛋白相互作用调节生长素响应基因的转录。

The degradation of AUX / IAA protein by ubiquitination plays essential role in auxin response , and the interaction between ARF and AUX / IAA protein regulates the transcription of auxin-response genes .

G2期上调基因主要涉及RNA合成与加工、蛋白质转运、细胞骨架合成、凋亡与抑凋亡、转录调节、泛素化、信号转导、有丝分裂调节以及癌基因的表达等。

The 232 up-regulated genes in G2 phase are involved in RNA synthesis and processing , intracellular protein transportation , cytoskeleton synthesis , signal transduction , apoptosis and anti-apoptosis , transcription regulation , ubiquitination , mitosis regulation and oncogene expression , etc.

此外，MYB转录因子的调控具有多样性，如蛋白质和蛋白质之间的相互作用、聚合酶的调控、氧化还原反应、磷酸化作用、泛素化作用等。

In addition , multiple modes of regulation of MYB transcription factors present in plants , such as protein-protein interactions , polymerase , redox control , phosphorylation and protein ubiquitination .

EpoR与Epo结合并诱导细胞内泛素化后将被蛋白酶和溶酶体降解，很少有EpoR能在细胞膜上循环利用。

EpoR combinated with Epo can induce cells with ubiquitin-proteasome change , and EpoR will be degradated by protease and lysosome . There are few EpoR can recycling in the cell membrane .

Wnt途径激活时，磷酸化和泛素化被抑制，β-连环蛋白在胞浆内积聚，随后进入核内与Tcf-4结合成转录复合体，并促进与肠干细胞增殖有关的基因表达。

And β - catenin was accumulated in cytoplasm and thereafter it entered nuclear to form transcription complexes that facili - tated gene expression related to proliferation of enteric stem cells .

结论：2型糖尿病时IRS-1的表达下调，IRS-1泛素化水平增加是导致胰岛素信号转导障碍的重要原因。

Conclusion : The expression of IRS-1 is markedly down-regulated in type 2 diabetes , and the enhancement of the ubiquitylation level of IRS-1 contribute to the disorder in insulin signal transferring .

泛素化过程通过多步酶促级联反应实现。

The ubiquitination process is achieved through a multiple enzymatic cascade .

蛋白质泛素化系统

The ubiquitylation system : targeting proteins for degradation and beyond

泛素化是真核生物中最重要的翻译后修饰之一。

Ubiquitination is one of the most important protein post-translational modifications in eukaryotes .

在真核细胞中，泛素化和磷酸化是2种常见的蛋白质修饰方式。

Ubiquitination and phosphorylation are two common protein modification modes in all eukaryotes .

实际上泛素化主要会影响蛋白质转换。

The major role of ubiquitination is that it can change protein turnover .

泛素化和降解过程涉及一系列蛋白和泛素。

Ubiquitylation and degradation involve a complex set of proteins in addition to ubiquitin .

该途径是一个受多种因素调控的可逆过程，这其中存在一些特异性的去泛素化蛋白酶的参与。

This system is also regulated by a reversible process involving many deubiquitination enzymes .

分裂泛素化酵母双杂交系统研究光合膜蛋白相互作用

Studying of The Thylakoid Membrane Protein Interactions Through The Split-ubiquitin Yeast Two Hybrid System

标记并欺骗诱导过分活化一个被称为泛素化的细胞程序。

Marked for Disposal The trick is played out in a cell process called ubiquitylation .