本身违法原则

本身违法原则简便易行，合理原则公正，两个原则都有其存在的合理性。

Per se rule is simple , reasonable principles of justice , the existence of two principles are reasonable .

从美国反托拉斯法的理论和司法实践来看，确认构成垄断的原则有本身违法原则和合理原则两种；

Based on the theory and judicial practice of antitrust law in America , this paper makes a comparative analysis on the per se rule and reasonable rule .

论本身违法原则早期适用对《谢尔曼法》的影响

On Effect of Early Enforcement of Per Se Illegality Principle on Sherman Act

反托拉斯实践也运用本身违法原则，但法院逐渐更多地运用合理原则；

Per se doctrine is applied in antitrust practice but courts come to use rule of reason on more occasions ;

克服合理原则不确定性的方法中，本身违法原则的适用是最佳的克服方法。

Application of rule of per se illegal rule is the best method to overcome uncertainty of the rule of reason .

其主要认定原则有：（1）以合理原则为主，本身违法原则为辅；

It believes that main principles have : ( 1 ) with reasonable principle mainly with , illegal principle is assisted ;

真难对特定的案件，到底是适用本身违法原则还是合理原则进行认定。

Sad to say on a particular case , in the end is the application of " per se rule " or " rule of reason " were found .

本身违法原则和合理原则构成了反垄断法的一对原则，其也是专利联盟反垄断规制的基本原则。

Per se rule and the rule of reason constitute a pair of principles of antitrust law , which also are the basic principles of the Union anti-monopoly regulation .

关于衡量垄断的标准有三对：本身违法原则与合理分析原则、结构主义原则与行为主义原则、纯粹效果原则与利益平衡原则。

The three pairs of criterion known for evaluating monopoly are : the principles of self violation of law and of rational analysis ; principles of behaviorism and of structuralism ;

本身违法原则是居于基础和首要地位的，同时还要在特殊情形下并用合理原则。第三，建立具有威慑力的责任追究机制。

The itself illegal principle is the basis and we should also use the reasonable principle at the same time . Thirdly , we should establish a deterrent responsibility mechanism .

首先在认定搭售的理论中，国外主要有本身违法原则和合理性原则，但各自有其优点和局限性。

Among all the theories to determine tying arrangement , Per Se Illegal and Rule of Reason take the leading position . But each of them has the advantages and weakness .

在历经百年的反垄断立法和实践中，确立了本身违法原则、合理原则、域外适用的效果原则。

After 100 years of anti-monopolism legislation and practice , has established the principles of " itself illegal ", reasonableness , and the " principle of effectiveness " at the extraterritorial application .

在美国有些学者提议转售价格维持也应适用合理原则，然而权威机构的普遍意见仍主张对纵向限制竞争协议应适用本身违法原则。

In the United States , some scholars proposed resale price maintenance should also apply Rule of reason , however , the prevailing view is still advocated authority vertical agreements restricting competition Per se rule should apply .

在美国，行业协会价格卡特尔行为适用本身违法原则判断其违法性，而在其他的大陆法系国家，都是在成文法中明确规定行业协会价格卡特尔行为的违法性。

In the United States , trade association price cartel is suited for the per se rule to determine illegality , while in other civil law countries , trade association price cartel is clearly defined as illegality .

第一节从横向价格联盟的定义出发分析横向价格联盟所具有的特征；第二节则主要是介绍横向价格联盟的适用原则&本身违法原则以及横向价格联盟的构成要件。

The first section brings forward the definition of the sidelong price alliance from the definition of the " price alliance ", and analyses it 's characteristic , the second section mainly introduces the principle-per se rule and its integrants .

纵向垄断协议在阻碍品牌内部竞争的同时，却促进了品牌之间的竞争，并用能够提高商品的售后服务和经济效率，因而不能简单地运用本身违法原则去规制。

The vertical monopoly agreement hinders the inter-competition ; however , it urges the competition among the binders as well as the increasing of after-sales service and economical efficiency . So it cannot be simply banned for its surface illegal .

对于我国而言，修正的本身违法原则一方面可以避免搭售案件因冗长诉讼而丧失了及时规制搭售的最好时机，另一方面有可以尽可能避免合理的销售策略受到反垄断规制。

For China , the Revised Per Se Illegal is a good choice , for one hand , it can prevent the tying case being dragged on in litigation , and for the other hand , it can avoid the reasonable sales strategy being regulated by anti-monopoly law .

专利许可的反垄断审查认定包括本身违法以及合理原则。

The rule for antitrust review of patent licensing shall include per se illegal and reasonable analysis .