推定事实

基础事实和推定事实之间具有高度的盖然性（或然性）的关系。

The relationship between the basic facts and the presumed facts is highly possibility .

加害人对基础事实的反驳属于反证，而对推定事实的反驳则是本证。

Perpetrator 's refutation to basic facts is disproof , while his refutation to presumed facts is proof .

主要结合法律上的推定与事实上的推定两方面具体评析证明责任之分配。

Major focus is the analysis of Legal Liability of Burden of Proof in presumption of both law and facts .

习惯性规范来自于作为社会事实的社会习惯的属性，使法官可以根据习惯性规范逆向推定案件事实，当然必须在逻辑上进行严格的排除。

The attribute that customary norms comes from social facts which had been accustomed by the society makes judges can deduce legal facts according to customary norms .

由于法律推定和事实推定的诉讼功能不同，民事诉讼中推定适用的基本规则应分为法律推定与事实推定两种。

The basic rules of presumption exertion in civil litigation should be divided into the presumptions of law and the presumptions of facts because of the different functions between presumptions of law and presumptions of facts .

文章在逐一评析这些观点后，提出共同危险行为之归责基础应当从法律的推定、事实的共同性和责任的不可分性等方面综合考虑。

After analyzing those opinions one by one , it is argued in this article that the imputation basis should be considered comprehensively from the legal deduction , the sharing of the facts and the in-separability of responsibilities .

推定是关于事实真实情况的推论或结论。

A presumption is a conclusion or inference about the truth of some fact .

实际上，事实推定作为一种事实认定的方法，同法律推定作为一种推定有着一些深层次的不同，并非只是有无法律规定的问题。

In fact , factual presumption as a way of identification is greatly deferent from legal presumption .

在侵权责任构成要件上，本文认为应当实行过错和因果关系的推定，在损害事实上应当区分三种不同的损失，并结合其它的标准进行认定。

In the liability for tort forms the important document , this text thinks that should infer the fault and causality , Damage and should distinguish three kinds of different losses in fact , combine other standards and carry on the law to assert .

民事推定制度包括两个民事事实：一个是基础民事事实，另一个是推定民事事实。

The civil presumption includes two kinds of civil facts : One is the basic facts and the other is the presumed facts .

事实推理主要运用演绎推理、归纳推理、模糊推理与概率推理等逻辑推理方法；而事实推定的逻辑依据在于基础事实与推定事实之间存在着近似于充分条件逻辑关系的常态联系。

Matter-of-fact reasoning use mainly the logic reasoning , such as inductive reasoning , deductive reasoning , fuzzy reasoning and probability reasoning , while the normal relation between the base fact and inference fact has to be treated as the logic foundation of the matter-of-fact inference .

学术界传统观点认为，按有无法律上的规定推定可以分为法律推定和事实推定。

The traditional view in the academic circle classifies presumptions into legal presumption and actual presumption .

非法占有目的的推定必须依据司法解释对推定事实的列举规定，《会议纪要》列举事实是非法占有目的存在的必要条件；

Judicial presumption must be depend on judicial explanation which integrates with time of the purpose of illegal possession and construction of crime .

事实推定的三段论逻辑结构决定了它的基础事实必须达到甚至高于高度盖然性的证明标准，只有这样才能保证推定事实能够具有较高程度的盖然性。

The structure of syllogism decides that the proving standard of basic fact must reach or exceed the " high probability " .

刑事推定的成立，必须满足三个条件，即表现为证据形式的基础事实、推定事实以及二者之间的常态联系。

The criminal presumption must abide by three conditions , i.e , the basic fact and the presumption fact of the evidence form , and the normal relationship between them .