抗菌药物

结果：我院ADR涉及的药品种类及例次中，以抗菌药物占首位，其次是中药制剂；

RESULTS : The ADRs were predominantly induced by antibacterial agents , followed by Chinese drugs preparations .

因此，如何合理使用抗菌药物，成为临床有效治疗MRSA感染和预防MRSA耐药性发展的关键。

How to use antibacterial agents reasonably is the key to treat MRSA infection .

干预组和非干预组平均住院费和药费无显著性差异，平均抗菌药物费用两组相比差异有非常显著意义（P＜0.01）。

Average hospitalization expenses and charges for medicine were no significant difference . The average antibiotics expenses between two groups were remarkable significantly ( P0.01 ) .

用E试验法测定10种抗菌药物对细菌的抗菌活性（即最低抑菌浓度MIC）；

The susceptibility of 10 antimicrobial agents ( minimal inhibitory concentration , MIC ) was measured by E-test .

MRSA对多种抗菌药物有耐药性。

There are drug resistance to many antibiotic drugs for MRSA .

TTC法测出抗菌药物阳性率为16%；

The positive rate of antibiotics was 16 % with TTC test ;

4种抗菌药物梯度试条法与琼脂稀释法测定MIC的比较

Comparison Between the Gradient Paper Method and Agar Dilution Method in Determining MIC of 4 Antibiotics

PDCA循环在合理使用抗菌药物管理中的应用

Application of PDCA Model to Manage Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Usage The Antimicrobial Drugs

Imipenem与其他15种抗菌药物对厌氧菌的体外抗菌活性比较

Determination of in-vitro activity of imipenem against anaerobes and comparison with 15 other antibacterial agents

15种抗菌药物对大肠埃希氏菌抗生素后效应（PAE）的研究

Study on the Post-antibiotic Effects of Fifteen Antimicrobial Agents Against E. col is

方法计算各类抗菌药物的累积每日约定剂量（defineddailydoses，DDD），以及院内感染主要病原菌的耐药率。

Method By calculating the defined daily doses ( DDD ) of antimicrobial drugs and the resistance rate of the most frequent bacteria that caused hospital infection .

除米诺环素外，ESBLs基因阳性菌株对各种抗菌药物的耐药率均显著高于ESBLs基因阴性菌株（P0.01）。

ESBLs-positive isolates presented a dramatically higher resistance rate than negative ones for most antimicrobial agents except minocycline ( P0.01 ) .

用PowerBuilder建立新生儿感染病原菌及抗菌药物药敏变化动态监测系统

Building a dynamic surveillance system for the diversity of causative pathogens and antimicrobial resistance from neonatal bacterial infections by using PowerBuilder

注射剂DDDs和使用密度是口服剂的1.53倍，抗菌药物费用密度注射剂是口服剂的61.66倍；

The DDDs and drug use density of injections were 1.53 times those of oral preparations ;

结论临床分离肺炎克雷伯菌对多种抗菌药物的耐药率较高，尤其是产ESBLs菌株的高耐药率及多重耐药性更为明显。

Conclusions Resistant rates of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were rather high and multidrug-resistance , especially in ESBLs producing strains .

TTC法检测显示，抗菌药物残留阳性数为5份，阳性率为15.63%；

The results indicated that the positive number of antibacterial residues was 5 , the rate of positive 15.63 % .

在不同的国家、地区和不同的医院由于抗菌药物的使用不同，产ESBLs细菌的基因型也不同。

The genotype of ESBLs producing strains differs in different countries areas and hospitals because of the different use of antibacterial agents .

目的：以DNA酶试验鉴定结果为标准，建立聚合酶链反应（PCR）鉴定卡他莫拉菌的方法，并测定抗菌药物对卡他莫拉菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。

To establish the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) methed for detecting Moraxella catarrhalis with DNase testas reference and determine minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) of antimicrobial agents against M. catarrhalis .

方法根据抗菌药物对胎儿影响程度不同，参照美国食品和药物管理署（FDA）的等级标准进行分类。

Method Under the different effects of antimicrobial on fetas , make classification according to the grade standard of American Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) .

方法采用琼脂稀释法对35株临床分离的PAE进行抗菌药物敏感试验，PCR方法检测7种ESBLs基因。

METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by agar dilution method and 7 kinds of ESBLs genes were detected by PCR methods in 35 strains of PA.

Mh对上述抗菌药物的耐药率为76.9%、54.2%、54.2%；

The resistance rate of Mh to ciprofloxacin , ofloxacin and ( erythromycin ) was 76.9 % , 54.2 % , and 54.2 % , respectively .

方法选择2002年1月～2003年1月某院ICU收治的外科重症脓毒症患者40例，其中20例作为治疗组进行早期抗菌药物加强治疗，即采用抗菌药物降阶梯治疗策略；

Methods Forty patients with severe surgical sepsis hospitalized in a hospital ICU from 2002 , 1 to 2003 , 1 were divided into treated group and control group .

产AmpC酶菌对青霉素类和一至三代头孢类抗菌药物耐药率高达37%～100%；

The resistance rate of AmpC enzyme producing strains to penicillins and the first , second and third-generations cephalosporins was 37-100 % .

头孢菌素类占抗菌药物DDDs最高为45.6%，其次是大环内酯类为33.7%，青霉素类为13.5%。

Cephalosporin medicines took up 45.6 % of anti-infection agents DDDs ; next , Macrolide medicines 33.7 % , Penicillium medicine 13.5 % .

方法对155例老年VAP患者进行了年龄、基础疾病、机械通气方法、抗菌药物使用情况、感染致病菌调查与统计分析。

METHODS The ages , underlying diseases , mechanical ventilation method , use of antibiotics , and pathogenic bacteria of the VAP patients were investigated and analyzed .

抗菌药物的ADR发生率为77.27%，中药制剂14.55%，其他818%。

The incidence of ADR of antimicrobials was the highest ( 77.27 % ), the preparations of Chinese materia medica ranked second ( 14.55 % ), and the others accounted for 8.18 % .

以碘量法测定了菌株的β-内酰胺酶，以琼脂稀释法测定了五种监测抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。

All isolates were tested for β - lactamase by the iodometric method . The minimum inhibitory concentrations ( MIC ) of five common antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method .

目的了解肺炎克雷伯菌（KPN）医院内下呼吸道感染的临床特点、产ESBLs的发生率及对抗菌药物的耐药性。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic , the prevalence and resistance of ESBLs-Producing strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae with hospital acquired infection of low respiratory tract .

用K-B（Kriby-Bauer）法测定志贺菌对7种抗菌药物的敏感性。

Susceptibility of Shigella flexneri strains to 7 antimicrobial agents was determined by K-B ( Kriby-Bauer ) method .

结论产ESBLs细菌耐药严重，定期进行细菌耐药性的监测，有助于指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。

Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance of the ESBLs producing strains is a serious problem , regular monitoring of bacteria resistance to antimicrobial agents is helpful to the rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinic .