抗菌药

抗菌药或糖皮质激素处理对脓毒症大鼠的治疗作用与血浆TNF-α和IL-6水平的关系研究

Relationship between therapeutic effects of antibacterial drugs and glucocorticoids and serum levels of TNF - α and IL-6 in sepsis rats

医院获得性感染患者抗菌药应用调查

Clinical Use of Antibacterial Drugs on Patients With Hospital-acquired Infections

5种喹诺酮抗菌药对金葡菌DNA螺旋酶的抑制作用

Inhibitory effect of 5 quinolones on DNA gyrase from Staphylococcus aureus

另外，胃内pH值可影响抗菌药的胃内转运、分布。

In addition , the pH in stomach may affect the transport and distribution of antibiotics in stomach .

结果各类喹诺酮类抗菌药具有不同的Rf值，能较好的进行区别。

RESULTS Different quinolones antibiotics had different Rf .

方法：以肉汤稀释法测定抗菌药的MIC。

Methods : MICs were detected by broth macrodilution method .

体外药效学（PD）研究系测定左氧氟沙星对近期823株临床分离菌的药敏参数[最低抑菌浓度（MIC）]，并与其他相关抗菌药进行比较。

The in vitro activity MIC of levofloxacin against 823 clinical isolates were determined and compared with other antimicrobial agents .

结果传染科抗菌药主要用于治疗，其中氟嗪酸（Ofloxacin）最为常用。

Antimicrobial agents were mainly used in treatment , among which ofloxacin was most frequently used .

结果：抗菌药对肠球菌的MIC值以去甲万古霉素最低、红霉素最高；

Results : In the MIC of the antimicrobic agents against Enterecoccus vancomycin was the lowest and erythromycin was the highest ;

结果：在109例ADR报告中，抗菌药占61.5%，中药制剂占24.8%。

Results : In all the drugs which may result in ADR , antibiotics possesed 61.5 % ; in turn Chinese herbal medicine was 24.8 % .

将血小板型PLA2和抗菌药分别单独以及联合作用于金黄色葡萄球菌，通过测定细菌菌落数来评价杀菌效果。

S.aureus was treated by the PLA2 or antibacterial drug alone or by the combination of both . Antibacterial activity was determined by counting CFU of bacteria .

方法：应用双纸片扩散法对临床分离的革兰氏阴性杆菌进行ESBLs检测，并对患者在ESBLs检测前的抗菌药应用情况进行调查。

Methods ESBLs were detected by the double disc diffusion method among 161 gram negative bacilli , which were isolated from clinical samples .

由于HP特异性定植于胃粘液及其下方黏膜表面，因此，Hp根除成功与否理应取决于治疗部位局部抗菌药的浓度。

The specificity of Hp is colonized at gastric mucus and its lower gastric mucosa surface , therefore , the success of eradication Hp depends on the concentration of local antibiotic in treatment position .

参照NCCLS判断标准，结果证实试验所用金葡菌对9种抗菌药均表现耐药。

Refer to NCCLS judgment standard , the results confirmed that staphylococcus aureus resistance to 9 species antibiotics .

磺胺类药物（SAs）是畜牧业生产上广泛应用的一类化学合成抗菌药，其具有性质稳定，易于保存以及副作用低等优点。

Sulfonamides ( SAs ) are synthetic bacteriostatic drug , which were widely used in stock raising industry for their characteristics of stability , easy to preserve and low adverse reaction .

目的探讨细菌耐药性变异与抗菌药使用频度（DDDs）之间的相互关系。

Objective To study the relationship between the variation of bacteria resistance to drugs and the use frequency of antibiotics ( DDDs ) .

抗菌药口服后由血转运至胃，这是抗菌药胃内局部浓度升高的决定性因素，是HP根除成功的关键问题。

The antibiotic will be transported into stomach from blood after oral administration , which is the decisive factor that the local concentration of antibiotic in stomach is raised and the key problem to successfully eradicate Hp .

抗菌药主要以细菌4个必要的细胞内途径为靶位，包括细胞壁的合成、蛋白质的合成、核酸（DNA或RNA）的合成以及细菌的代谢过程。

Antibiotics target four essential cellular processes of bacteria , including cell wall synthesis , protein synthesis , nucleic acid ( DNA or RNA ) synthesis and metabolism process . The mechanism of bacterial drug-resistance mainly consists of biochemical mechanism and gene mechanism .

以琼脂对倍稀释法测定新大环内酯类抗生素（azithromycin、clarithromycin及罗红霉素）等抗菌药对202株临床分离菌的最低抑菌浓度。

The in vitro activities of new macrolides ( azithromycin , clarithromycin and roxithromycin ) and other antimicrobial agents against 202 clinical isolates were tested using agar dilution method .

分别用四环素、氯霉素和环丙沙星对大肠杆菌质控株ATCC25922进行体外诱导培养，测定诱导前后多种抗菌药的MIC的变化；

The Escherichia coli control strain ATCC 25922 was cultured in culture containing inducer with Tetracycline , chloramphenicol , ciprofloxacin , respectively . And the change of MIC was determined before and after induced .

耐万古霉素屎肠球菌（VREF）是最主要的VRE，国内外均报道VREF基本上对所有抗菌药耐药。

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium ( VREF ) is the mostly VRE . It is almost all antibiotics-resistant .

方法：收集2003&2005年急性阑尾炎手术患者病历286份，采用限定日剂量（DDD）的方法对其抗菌药使用进行统计分析。

Method : 286 appendectomy inpatients were chosen and analyzed from 2003 to 2005 . The utilization of antimicrobial agents was evaluated by using the defined daily doses ( DDD ) method .

喹恶啉类化合物（Quinoxalines）是一类人工合成的抗菌药，均属喹恶啉-1,4-二氧化物的衍生物，表现出很好的抗菌促生长效应。

Quinoxaline compounds is a class of synthetic antibacterial agents , which are derivatives of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides and showing great antimicrobial and growth-promoting effect .

方法：采用WHO推荐应用的以DDDs为指标的药物利用研究方法，对随机抽取的我院287例手术病例的抗菌药预防应用情况及术后感染的情况进行分析。

METHODS : Using a drug usage research method which takes WHO - recommended DDDs as parameter , we analyse the prophylactic application of antimicrobials and postoperative infections in 287 operation cases in this hospital .

结论目前临床治疗SBP在药敏结果报告之前宜经验选用三代头孢菌素，个别危重患者可选用联合β内酰胺酶抑制剂的抗菌药。

Conclusion The third generation of cephalosporin was the experiential selection in treating SBP before getting the report of drug sensitive test . Anti-bacterial agents combined with β - lactamase inhibitors may be used in treating some severe cases .

甲磺酸左氧氟沙星（LevofloxacinMesylate，MSALVFX）是本所研制的一种新的氟喹诺酮类抗菌药，是氧氟沙星左旋体的甲磺酸盐。

Prulifloxacin , a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent Levofloxacin Mesylate ( MSALVFX ) is a kind of newer fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent developed by our institute . It is a mesylate of levofloxacin .

氟喹诺酮类（FQs）药物是第三代新型含氟的喹诺酮类抗菌药，抗菌谱广，抗菌活性强，在临床上被广泛应用。

Fluoroquinolones , a new type quinolones antibacterial agents with fluorin , are extensively used in the clinics because of its wide antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity .

方法：调查呼吸内科2003年住院病历556份，统计抗菌药的使用率、使用种类、DDDs、药敏试验、联合用药等进行分析。

Method : 556 medical records of respiratory medical department in 2003 had been investigated to collect the status of use of antibacterial drugs . The applied rate of antibacterial drugs types , kinds of antibacterial drugs , DDDs , sensitive test and combined drugs use were analyzed .

结论大肠埃希氏菌临床分离株对氟喹诺酮类耐药性严重，有指征地选用氟喹诺酮类等广谱抗菌药，是防治FREC感染的关键。

Conclusion : The high resistant rate of clinical strains of Escherichia coli to fluoroquinolones indicated the appropriate uses of fluoroquinolones and other broad spectrum antibacterial agents is critical for controlling infections caused by FREC .

对四川省不同地区链球菌病病死猪体内分离的7株链球菌Ⅱ型进行抗菌药敏感性试验，用链球菌兰氏D群C55914作为对照，比对菌为肺炎链球菌质控菌株ATCC49619。

Antimicrobial susceptibility test for 7 stains of Streptococcus suis isolated from sick and dead swine of different areas in Sichuan province have been done with Streptococcus C55914 ( lance-field D sero-group ) as ( control ) and Streptococcus pneumoniae as quality control .