基因副本

父母中任意一方的PAX-6基因副本发生突变都有可能以常染色体隐性遗传的方式使子女患上无虹膜畸形病，甚至还会造成子女的认知障碍。

Parents who each have a mutated copy of the PAX-6 gene may be at risk for having a child with Gillespie syndrome ( autosomal recessive aniridia ) and related cognitive disabilities .

极少数人群，大约占总人口的3%，携带有两个该基因副本，这会使人更短寿。

A small minority , 3 % of the population , has two copies , which is linked to a shorter lifespan .

但是Jackson教授解释说，大豆却保留了大部分基因的副本。

But Professor Jackson explains that soybeans have kept copies of most their genes .

大约每五个人中有一个人会携带这种叫做KL-VS的基因变体副本，它能提高蛋白质水平、使人更长寿、提升心脏和肾脏功能。

About one in five people carry a single copy of the variant , known as KL-VS , that boosts levels of the protein and is associated with longer lifespan and improved heart and kidney function .

结果发现，只携带一个基因变体副本的受试者的右脑背外侧前额叶皮层的区域面积较大，而这片区域最容易随年龄增长发生萎缩。

They found that participants with a single copy of the gene variant also had a larger brain region known as the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( rDLPFC ), which is especially susceptible to shrinkage with age .

向患者体内注入缺失或者缺陷基因的副本（通常使用病毒作为载体）的基因疗法，在世纪之交的时候几乎遭到毁灭性打击，当时这种疗法直接导致一名患有严重的免疫紊乱症的儿童罹患白血病。

Gene therapy , which involves inserting copies of missing or defective genes into a patient , usually using a virus as a carrier , was nearly derailed at the turn of the millennium , when a child with a severe immune disorder developed leukaemia as a direct result of the treatment .

显性基因就是指能够通过对已有基因的一个副本产生一个含内部编码的可遗传的物理表现的基因。

A dominant gene is one that produces a physical manifestation of internally coded , inheritable information with only one copy of that gene present .

叶绿体基因（ChloroplastDNA）远比核基因（nuclearDNA）丰富，因为每个植物细胞可以有数千个叶绿体基因，但是每个核基因只有两个到四个核基因副本。

Chloroplast DNA is vastly more abundant than nuclear DNA , since each plant cell can have thousands of copies of chloroplast genes but just two to four copies of each nuclear gene .