风险中性

即使在双方为风险中性不需要风险分担时，DoD仍然需要在最初的投标竞争与中标后承包商降低成本行为之间进行权衡。

Even if the bidders are risk neutral , so that there is no need for risk sharing , the DoD is still need a tradeoff between stimulating competition in the wining firm incentives to limit its costs .

在风险中性世界中利用鞅论及测度变换等方法得到一类写在看涨期权上的看涨期权的定价公式。

We get the formular of the call option on a call option by risk neutral method .

在这种情形下，利用Black-Scholes风险中性定价原则，推导出了几种欧式未定权益的定价公式。

By using Black-Scholes ' risk-neutral valuation principal , pricing formulae of some European contingent claims are deduced .

首先，对经典的Black-Scholes期权定价模型进行了分析，并利用风险中性定价方法推导出了Black-Scholes期权定价公式。

Firstly , the article studies the classic Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model and concludes the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Formula with the Risk-Neutral valuation method .

在风险中性的假设下，推导出了股票价格的跳过程为复合Poisson过程的欧式期权定价公式，推广了Merton的结果。

The formula of European option whose stock price with jump process is a compound Poisson process is deduced under the risk-neutral hypothesis , and it is extended that Merton option pricing model .

用较简单的数学方法，推导出了非风险中性定价意义下的股票欧式期权定价公式，该公式在风险中性意义下包含了原始的Black-Scholes公式。

Via some simplified mathematical approach , we derive the pricing formulae of European options of stocks with no risk-neutral valuation , which includes the original Black-Scholes formula under the risk-neutral valuation .

着重研究了保险期权的欧式期权与永久性美式期权定价，并在文献[2]基础之上，根据等价鞅或风险中性性质获得了比较令人兴奋的结论&类似于Black-Scholes期权定价公式与Merton期权定价公式。

Based on reference [ 2 ] and using equivalent martingale or the risk-neutral nature , the author reaches exciting conclusions , which are similar to the Black-Scholes option pricing formula and Merton option pricing formula .

具体而言，本文利用BKM模型，提取风险中性测度下的收益率二阶矩、三阶矩，并结合单因子模型，构建隐含贝塔的求解公式。

Specifically , we use BKM model to extract the second moment , third moment under the risk-neutral measure . Combined with the single-factor model , we build the implied beta .

风险中性定价下的权证定价模型

The pricing model of warrants by using risk - neutral method

风险中性的投资者愿为该资产支付36万美元。

A risk-neutral investor would pay $ 360,000 for this asset .

非风险中性定价意义下的欧式期权定价公式

The Pricing Formulae of European Options with no Risk-neutral Valuation

风险中性分析及其在衍生证券定价中的应用

Risk-Neutral Analysis and Its Application in Pricing on Derivative Securities

传统的供应链管理模型以风险中性为基础。

Traditional supply chain management models are based on risk-neutrality .

二是对于开发项目，采用风险中性定价方法的二叉树分析方法进行开发时机的决策分析。

A binomial method of decision-making using real options is applied to optimal development situations .

无套利原理与风险中性假设也是紧密联系在一起的。

At the same time , no arbitrage principle strongly correlated with neutral risk supposition .

风险中性过程的非参数估计

Nonparametric Estimation of the Risk-Neutral Process

风险中性违约概率对具有违约风险证券定价起着很重要的作用。

Risk-neutral default probability plays an important role for pricing securities subject to ( default ) risk .

与此同时，得到了远期测度与实际测度之间的关系，此关系不依赖于风险中性测度。

In addition , the relationship between the forward measure and the real probability measure is established .

在风险中性条件下，债权人要求无风险利率的收益率最大化。

On the other side , the investors ask for risk-free interest payment in the risk neutral world .

本文利用实物期权方法在风险中性概率测试下研究公司的债务与内生破产问题。

This paper adopts the real option approach to examine corporate debt and endogenous bankruptcy in a risk-neutral framework .

论证了供应链中风险中性的经销商能够协调零售商面临的风险。

It was proved that a risk neutral distributor in a supply chain can intermediate the risk faced by retailers .

有且只有经理是风险中性时，所有者可以通过出租企业得到最大的利润。

The principal can get the maximum profit by leasing the firm , if and only if the agent is risk-neutral .

在风险中性条件下，分析了有效的预算平衡契约是不存在的，并建立预算非平衡契约。

Under risk neutral condition , an effective budget-balancing contract does not exit , and the paper constructed a non-budget-balancing contract .

以风险中性的契约理论为基础，提出了相关的研究假设，并对假设进行了统计检验。

Based on the theory of risk-neutral contract , some hypotheses are given , and they are tested by statistical analysis .

在非风险中性定价意义下，研究了欧式未定权益的定价和套期保值策略。

Pricing formulas and stratagems of hedging and preserving value foe European contingent claims are discussed with no risk neutral valuation .

在风险中性的定价框架中，无风险利率就是资产价值运动的漂移项（均值）。

In the risk neutral pricing framework , risk-free rate is the drift term ( mean ) of movement in asset value .

然而，在风险中性的股票市场中，机构投资者之间的伯川德定价竞争又使得市场是有效的。

However , in the stock market of medium risk , the B-pricing competition among the large traders always makes the market efficient .

进一步，针对投标人为风险中性、风险寻求和风险厌恶三种情况进行了具体讨论。

And we discuss this problem in detail in case of bidders are : risk neutral , risk aversion , and risk seeking .

在此基础上构造出风险中性测度，并给出期货合约以及远期合约的价格表达式。

On this foundation , I construct the risk-neutral measure , and the prices of future contracts and the forward contracts under the measure .

在模型中，企业主和管理者都是风险中性的，企业主是委托人，管理者是代理人。

In the model , both owner and manager are risk-neutral , and the owner is the principal and the manager is the agent .