预蛹

结果表明：在温度25±1℃，相对湿度75%-85%，光照14L∶10D的条件下，柑桔木虱姬小蜂的卵期、幼虫期、预蛹期和蛹期的平均历期分别为40119,24和120h。

The result showed that the average durations of egg , larva , prepupa and pupa were 40 , 119 , 24 and 120 hours respectively . The larva of T.

过冷却点：四龄幼虫13.5℃，蛹20.1℃。预蛹11.3℃。

The super cooling points of 4th instar , pupa and prepupa are 13.5 , 20.1 and 11.3 ℃, respectively .

e不同日龄滞育蛹和非滞育蛹的过冷却点和结冰点测定结果表明，在预蛹至5日龄蛹期，过冷却点和结冰点均逐渐下降。

The results showed that supercooling point and freezing point decreased from pre-pupae to 5_day pupae period .

在实验室条件下，雌性茧蛹历期平均为84d，雄性为76d；预蛹期4～6天；

At laboratory conditions , the average female pupal period is 8.4 d and male pupal stage is 7.6 d.

该虫有滞育现象，预蛹滞育期一般为三个年头，第三年牙季正式化蛹。

The insect has usually stagnant phenomenon which prepupaes were not emerging until three years later .

幼虫期五龄，预蛹期1&1.5天。

The larval age has five instars . The duration of prepupal stage is 1 ─ 1.5 days .

雌蜂感受光周期的变化是决定子代预蛹是否进入滞育的一个主要因素；

A main factor for female is the photoperiodical variation that decides whether progeny prepupae will enter diapause or not .

预蛹化蛹前一周血淋巴中蜕皮甾类激素滴度存在两个与变态相对应的峰值。

From about one week before pupation ( the last instar ) haemolymph ecdysteroid titres went up forming two separated peaks .

此外，放蜂地区的纬度及蜂的代次对预蛹的滞育亦有重要的影响。

In addition , the latitude of the area bees being released in and the generation of the bee also have an important influence on prepupae 's diapause .

结果表明毒液处理后非寄生期的高龄幼虫、预蛹的血细胞的凋亡、死亡、存活变化无规律。

The results showed the variations of the apoptosis , mortality and viability of hemocytes after the treatment of venom were unstable in non-parasitized higher instar larvae and prepupa .

在预蛹期，高温处理能诱导棉铃虫蛹进入夏滞育。

Summer diapause in cotton bollworm , Helicoverpa armigera ( H ü bner ), is prolongation of the pupal stage , particularly in males , initiated by high temperature .

该蜂的雌性幼虫是松突圆蚧雌蚧的初级内寄生蜂，而雄性幼虫则是次级寄生蜂，重寄生在同种或它种膜翅目的老熟幼虫、预蛹和蛹上。

Pitysophila females , whereas male larvae are secondary parasites , and develop on the mature larvae , prepupae and pupae of their own kind and other hymenopterous species .

翌年5月上旬，越冬幼虫陆续进入预蛹期，5月中旬进入蛹期，蛹的历期为30天左右。

In early May the following year , the overwintering larvae moved into the pre-pupa stage , in mid-May to enter the pupa stage , pupa duration of 30 days .

预蛹血细胞有时凋亡率不变或者下降、有时存活率上升或不变，对死亡率不影响。

The apoptosis of cells of prepupa was invariant or decreased sometimes . The viability of cells from prepupa increased or unchanged sometime . There was no effect on the mortality of cells .

结果表明，在预蛹阶段，滞育蛹和非滞育蛹的甘油含量差异不显著，3日龄和5日龄的滞育蛹甘油含量显著高于非滞育蛹；

The results showed that , during pre-pupae stage , there was no obvious difference between glycerol content of diapause pupae and that of non - diapause pupae , but the difference was significant during 3-day pupae and 5-day pupae ;

在3℃恒温条件下，对非滞育的松毛虫赤眼蜂的小幼虫期、幼虫中期、老熟幼虫期、预蛹期、蛹初期和蛹中期6个虫态进行了长期的贮存试验。

A long-term storage test under constant temperature of 3 ℃ was carried out to undiapause Trichogramma dendrolimi of six stages of growth including young larvae , middle larvae , old larvae , prepupa , initial pupa , middle pupa .

研究表明，该虫卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹的发育起点温度分别为18.36、16.53、12.00、8.03℃，有效积温分别为57.13、148.36、63.32、32.50日度；

The results showed that the developmental threshold temperature of eggs , larvae , pre pupae , pupae were 18.36 ℃, 16.53 ℃, 12.00 ℃, 8.03 ℃ respectively , and the effective accumulated temperature were 57.13 day-degrees , 148.36 day-degrees , 63.32 day-degrees and 32.50 day-degrees respectively .