表土层

洪水可以带走肥沃的表土层，最终导致种植区域的损失。

Floods can remove fertile topsoil and begin a process resulting in the loss of planting areas .

说明土壤有机碳和黑碳主要集中在表土层和亚表土层中。

Finally we concluded that soil organic carbon and black carbon are mainly concentrated in the topsoil and the sub-topsoil . 2 .

设施栽培土壤养分富集主要在0~10cm土层，且集中在0~2cm的表土层，其中以EC值、有效S、有效K及有效Mn在0~2cm表土层的相对富集量最多。

Enriched nutrients were distributed mainly in the 0 ~ 10 cm layer and concentrated in 0 ~ 2 cm top surface , especially for EC value , available S , K and Mn .

地壳由半无限大的基岩上一层厚度为H的表土层组成，入射地震波为垂直的SH波，产生水平地面运动。

The crust is constituted by the rock and a surface layer of soil with depth H over it . The incident seismic wave is a vertical SH shear wave to cause horizontal ground motion .

蒸发过程中，表土层2cm范围内土壤水分变化较剧烈，土壤水分逐渐集中在湿润土体中心；

In the process of evaporation , the moisture within 2 cm of topsoil layer changed much higher than the other areas and accumulated in the center of wetted soil .

而长期施用含硫肥料，SO2-4在表土层和底土层中有明显的累积，累积的SO2-4因改变了土壤的化学性质而对水稻生长有显著的影响。

The accumulation of SO 2 - 4 in the soil profile deteriorated the chemical properties of the soil and thus affected the growth of rice .

植被枯落物成为表土层有机质以及表土层被埋藏后的有机质更新过程，均存在碳同位素分馏效应，有机质δ13C显著增大。

The fractionation of carbon isotope was happened during both the transformation of vegetation debris into topsoil organic matter ( OM ) and its regeneration after the topsoil buried , which resulted in a significant increase of SOM δ 13 C.

借助于前人根据中国东部区域表土层孢粉数据，运用对应分析方法所建立的孢粉&气候转换函数，对本文MZ钻孔孢粉数据进行转换，重建崇明岛地区第四纪以来年均温度序列。

Transforming sporo-pollen data from MZ borehole as an aid in setting up pollen-climate transfer functions The Quaternary sequence about mean annual temperature is reestablished , by use of the factor analysis based on modern and fossil pollen data .

土壤的甲烷氧化速率与土壤MMO活性有很好的线性关系，相关系数R2为0.9193。（2）覆盖土层中的甲烷浓度与土层深度有关，表土层中的甲烷浓度最低。

A strong linear relationship was observed between soil MMO activity and methane oxidation rate , and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.9193 . ( 2 ) The CH4 concentration in landfill cover soil was related to the depth of soil , and the lowest was observed in topsoil layer .

结果表明：不同桉树林地的土壤微生物数量有差异，其数量与类群主要集中在0～20cm的表土层中，随着土层加深，其数量迅速减少；

The results showed that there were differences in the amount of soil microbes in different Eucalyptus plantations , and the amount and group of soil microbes were mainly concentrated in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer , and their quantity rapidly decreased with the increase of soil depth ;

由于施肥的影响养分在表土层聚集含量较高。

Because of fertilizer , nutrients in surface soil were higher .

天津地区表土层中广泛分布着较厚的淤泥类土。

There is a lot of sludge in pedosphere of Tianjin Area .

表土层注浆加固法防治井壁破裂的机理及应用

Mechanism and Application of Grouting into Topsoil to Prevent Shaft Lining from Fracturing

说明流域内地表土层溶蚀及人为污染影响的增强。土层孔隙水属强矿化水，而湖水呈现过渡特征。

The soil pore water belonged to strong mineralized water and the lake water presented transitional water .

宇宙线散落核素~7Be在山区表土层中的分布特征及侵蚀示踪原理

Distribution of cosmogenic ~ 7be in surface soils of mountain region and the principles for erosion trace

剖面形态的差异表现为土壤发生层的不同，理化性质的差异主要表现在表土层。

The differences on profile configuration are soil genetic layers , and the differences on physico-chemical properties are topsoil layer .

表土层有机质含量最高，且随着土层深度增加，有机质含量逐渐降低。

The content of soil organic matter is highest in the top layer and decreased from top layer to bottom layer .

黄土易被风刮起并带至远处方才落下成为表土层。

Loess is easy borne by the wind and may be carried long distances before it falls to earth and becomes topsoil .

当土壤水吸力较低时，表土层土壤非饱和导水率大于底层土和中间土层的土壤非饱和导水率；

When the soil water suctions were low , the unsaturated hydraulic conductivities in topsoil layers were higher than those in middle soil layers .

测量结果表明，在厚度不大的原地表土层覆盖区，伽玛能谱测量能较清晰地圈出面积较小的异常。

The measurement shows that in the autochthonous overburden , gamma spectrum measurement can clearly define the anomaly less than a thousand square meters .

结果表明：人为加速侵蚀主要引起表土层细菌、放线菌、真菌数量减少，其中以真菌下降率最高。

The results show that man made accelerated erosion decreases the numbers of bacteria , fungi and actinomyces , among which fungi was affected drastically .

主要的成果包括以下几个方面：两农田土壤剖面的C1-离子的变化特征基本一致，均从表土层向深层包气带土层逐渐增大。

The main results are as following : Firstly , the chloride in the two agricultural soil profiles changes in accordance , both increasing with the depth .

取自中国东部区域的表土层孢粉数据被用来建立孢粉-气候转换函数。

Modern pollen data from surface samples , reflecting present vegetation types across the eastern part of China , were used to set up pollen climate transfer functions .

固定沙地相对粘重的表土层影响降雨对灌木根系层土壤水分的补充。

The fine texture of upper soil layer on the fixed sand dune appeared to reduce the replenishment of moisture to the soil of the shrub root layer .

对关键层与表土层间耦合关系进行了研究，揭示了关键层与表土层间耦合关系的一些基本规律，对改进地表下沉预计方法具有指导意义。

The coupling relation between the soil and the key strata has been studied , some suggestions to revise the surface subsidence prediction method have been put forward .

表土层需作隔水层时，隔水层应与边、仰坡搭接平顺，防止地表水下渗。

When water-resisting layer is required by the surface soil layer , the water-resisting layer shall be levelly and smoothly overlapped with side and front slopes to prevent surface water from infiltrating .

封场覆盖系统是垃圾卫生填埋场建设的重要组成部分，覆盖系统包括气体导排层、土工膜、排水层、植被表土层。

Closure cover system is one of important parts of landfill site construction , it includes landfill gas discharge guid ing layer , geotechnical film , drainage layer and plant cover surface soil layer .

珠江三角州地区表土层为第四系海相沉积的淤泥软土层，高层建筑物基坑的支护形式便成为建筑工程中的重要技术环节。

Since the topsoil in Zhujiang Delta area is the silt soft soil of the 4th-system marine deposit , the foundation pit supporting forms of high-rise buildings become the vital technological links in the building project .

随着煤矿新建井筒穿过的表土层加厚，在冻结井筒支护方面，主要采用双层钢筋混凝土塑料夹层复合井壁结构形式。

With the new vertical shaft of coal mine cross-over special thick alluvium , it adopts composite shaft lining which is composite of double-layer laminated plastic in reinforced concrete wall structure when supporting freezing shaft wall .

结果表明，由于表土致密层的形成，肥液间歇入渗较连续入渗具有土壤入渗能力降低、土壤NO-3分布均匀及地下水中NO-3浓度低等特点。

Compared with the continuous infiltration , the intermittent infiltration had advantages in reducing infiltration rate effectively for the sealing layer , well-distributed nitrate in the soil and low C_ ( NO ~ - _3 ) in groundwater .