自身耐受

但是TLR信号促进或破坏自身耐受的机制目前尚不清楚。

However , the mechanisms of how TLR signaling breaks down or promotes tolerance remain unclear .

CD4+CD25+调节性T（Tr）细胞在维持外周自身耐受从而防止自身免疫病的发生、抑制严重的炎症性疾病和下调肿瘤免疫应答中发挥着重要的作用。

CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T ( Tr ) cells play a critical role in the maintenance of self-tolerance , preventing autoimmune disease , inhibiting harmful infectious diseases and down-regulating anti-tumour immune response .

调节性T细胞介导的免疫调节是自身耐受的重要机制之一。

Immunoregulation mediated by regulatory T cell is one of the most important mechanisms to maintain self tolerance .

若自身耐受因某些原因遭到破坏或中止时，就可能发生自身免疫反应或自身免疫病。

If the self tolerance is broken or blocked by some reasons , autoimmunity and some diseases might occur .

目的探讨胸腺异位基因表达与自身耐受及自身免疫病的相互关系。

Objective To detect the relationship between the promiscuous gene expression in thymus and the diseases of self-tolerance and self-reaction .

器官移植的最终目的是建立如天然自身耐受般的移植物耐受，而不需要持续的非特异性地免疫抑制。

It has become the focus in the transplantation field that how to induce specific immune tolerance in the recipients to the donor organ .

近年来，调节性T细胞在自身耐受和抑制同种异体排斥反应中的作用受到越来越多的重视。

Recently , accumulating evidences have shown that regulatory T cells play a key role both in maintenance of self tolerance and tolerance to allograft .

机体的免疫系统在维持对感染性抗原的反应和自身耐受的平衡中起着重要的作用，而防止发生自身免疫病的关键是对自身抗原产生免疫耐受。

The body immune system plays an important role in the balance of immunity and self tolerance . The infectious antigen tolerance is the key point to prevent autoimmune diseases .

最常见的，用感兴趣的多糖免疫小鼠分离得到单克隆抗体，但这个过程费时费力，而且由于多糖保守结构带来的自身耐受性，大多数人源多糖对小鼠并不产生明显的免疫反应。

Most often , monoclonal antibodies are isolated from mice immunized with the glycan of interest , but this process is laborious and most human glycans are not particularly immunogenic in mice , probably due to their conserved structures in these species , which gives rise to self-tolerance .

受体选择与B细胞自身免疫耐受

Receptor Selection and B Cell Immune Tolerance

很可能它是通过与其它蛋白（如CBP）相互作用来调节胸腺内组织特异性抗原的表达，从而控制着自身免疫耐受。

Aire might act together with another protein CBP to control self tolerance .

自然调节性T细胞（naturalregulatoryTcells，nTregs）调节生理及病理情况下机体的免疫应答，对于维持机体自身免疫耐受及免疫自稳具有重要作用。

Natural regulatory T cells ( nTregs ) suppress pathological and physiological immune responses , contributing to the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis .

阳性选择决定了成熟T细胞的MHC限制性，阴性选择使机体获得自身免疫耐受。

The MHC restriction of T cell is determined in positive selection . The tolerance of T cells to autoantigen is acquired during negative selection .

结论儿童ITP患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞显著减少，破坏自身免疫耐受，在ITP的发病中起重要作用。

Conclusion CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T lymphocytes in ITP children were significantly decreased , destroyed autospecific immune tolerance and played an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP .

胸腺来源的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞（Treg）是机体维持自身免疫耐受的重要组成部分，约占CD4+T细胞的5%~10%。

CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T ( Treg ) cells , originated from the thymus and constitute approximately 5 % ~ 10 % of CD4 + T cells , exert an important function in the maintenance of self immune tolerance .

胸腺中的树突状细胞与自身免疫耐受

Autoimmune tolerance and dendritic cells in the thymus

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞（CD4+CD25+Treg细胞）主要来源于胸腺，在体内外抑制CD4+或CD8+T细胞的活化及增殖，是维持自身免疫耐受的重要机制之一。

CD4 ~ + CD25 ~ + Treg cells are mainly derived from the normal thymus , and suppress the activation and proliferation of CD4 ~ + CD25 ~ - and CD8 ~ + T cells in vivo and in vitro , which contribute to the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance .

说明细菌自身有耐受范围，高浓度污染物，对细菌产生毒害，抑制微生物生长。

It showed that bacteria themselves have the tolerance range of pollutants . Because of pollutants in high concentration , it would produced a toxic effect on the strains , inhibit the growth of bacterial . ( 4 ) The indoor simulation experiments of the degrading diesel oil contaminated soil .

背景通过口服抗原诱导对自身抗原的耐受，已被大量用于自身免疫病的实验研究中，为自身免疫病的治疗带来了一线曙光。

BACKGROUND : Oral antigen administration has been extensive used experimentally to induce tolerance of autoantigens , which shed light on a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases .

植物通过多种生化途径来体现自身对盐耐受的能力。如在盐胁迫下，植物能保水和吸水，保护叶绿体和维持离子平衡等。

The ability of plants to tolerate salt is determined by multiple biochemical pathways that facilitate retention and / or acquisition of water , protect chloroplast functions , and maintain ion homeostasis and so on .

结论：异种血管内皮生长因子基因重组T7噬菌体疫苗可打破机体对自身VEGF的免疫耐受，诱导产生较高水平的特异性抗VEGF抗体。

Conclusion : Recombinant T7 phage vaccine expressing xenogenic VEGF can break immunologic tolerance against self-VEGF and induce the producing of specific anti-VEGF antibody .

我们通过主动免疫的方法，用异种MMP-2DNA疫苗打破对自身MMP-2的免疫耐受，并联合小剂量的抗肿瘤化疗药，以达到抗恶性肿瘤转移的目的。

The breaking of immune tolerance of MMP-2 combined low-dose chemotherapy should be an approach to treatment cancer metastasis by active immunity and chemotherapy .

小剂量口服自身抗原诱导免疫耐受可有效地抑制EAE和MS，这已被诸多研究所证实，但其机制尚不清楚。

Oral tolerance by feeding autoantigens is an effective method to prevent EAE and to treat MS , which mechanism has not been made very clear .

目的探讨自身抗原诱导免疫耐受防治1型糖尿病（IDDM）的方法及机制。

Objective To probe into the method and mechanism of the prevention and treatment of IDDM in mice by induction of immune tolerance with the autoantigen insulin .

重金属污染会对藻类造成危害，在重金属胁迫下，藻体会通过多种生化途径来体现自身对重金属的耐受能力。

The ability of algae to tolerate heavy metal is determined by multiple biochemical pathways .

因此，遗传因素对CD4+T细胞活性的调节可能影响自身免疫病的耐受和组织破坏。

Thus , genetic regulation of the CD4 + T-cell activity may influence tolerance or tissue destruction in autoimmune diseases .

目前大家比较公认，MS是T淋巴细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病，主要是由于调节性T淋巴细胞出现功能障碍使自身免疫耐受功能出现异常所致。

Currently , it is accepted that multiple sclerosis is a T lymphocyte mediated autoimmune disease . Multiple sclerosis is the result of abnormal function of self-induced immune tolerance due to regulatory T cell dysfunction .

目的建立实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）动物模型，探讨口服自身抗原诱导免疫耐受对大鼠EAE的防治作用。

Objective To establish on animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ), and to investigate the therapeutic effect of orally administrated myelin basic protein ( MBP ) on EAE .

二是免疫抑制性，表现在经TCR介导的信号刺激活化以后能够抑制自身T细胞的活化和增殖，但其在体内发挥免疫调节功能、维持自身免疫耐受的详细机制目前尚不清楚。

Secondly : immunosuppressive It performances to inhibit the activation and proliferation in the TCR-mediated activation signals to stimulate their own after the T cells , but in the body exert its immunomodulatory function , and the mechanism to maintain their own detailed immune tolerance are not clear .