生物有效性

在安全套保护里有两个概念：生物有效性和“使用有效性”。

There are two concepts in measuring condom protection : biological effectiveness and " use effectiveness " .

城市污泥接种堆置处理对重金属的形态及其生物有效性的影响

The Influence of Inoculated Accumulation for the Sludge in City on the Form of Heavy Metals and Their Biological Effectiveness

不同pH条件对城市污泥中重金属生物有效性的影响

Effects of Different pH Conditions on Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sludge

因此施用堆肥降低了土壤Cd的生物有效性，从而修复受污染的土壤-小白菜系统。

Therefore , compost application decreased the bioavailability of soil Cd .

pH和有机质对土壤中镉和锌生物有效性影响研究

Effect of pH and Organic Matter on the Bioavailability Cd and Zn in Soil

土壤重金属的生物有效性为CdCuZn。

Bioavailability coefficient of heavy metal was Cd Cu Zn .

淹水条件下不同肥料对土壤Cd生物有效性的影响研究

Study on Effect of Different Fertilizers on Available Cd under Waterlogged Conditions

稀土对玉米根际土壤P形态分布及生物有效性的影响

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on the Distribution of P forms in the Rhizosphere Soil and P Uptake by Maize Plant

大气CO2浓度升高对土壤&小麦系统铜、镉转化与生物有效性的影响

Effects of Elevated CO_2 on Transformation and Bioavailability of Copper and Cadmium in Soil-wheat System

接种微生物对土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn生物有效性的影响

Effects of microbial inoculation on bio-availability of cadmium , lead and zinc in soils

EM与有机肥对重金属生物有效性的影响

Effects of EM and Organic Fertilizer on the Bio-availability of Heavy Metal

铅锌矿废水污染水稻土Cd的化学形态与生物有效性研究

Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability of Cadmium in Paddy Soils Contaminated by Mining Wastewater from a Lead-Zinc Mine , China

在红薯苗期，土壤生物有效性Cu、Pb与红薯的日平均净光合速率和蒸腾速率之间相关显著。

The daily mean value in the seedling stage showed a stronger relationship with soil bioavailable Cu and Pb .

试验也发现，镉、锌对植物的生物有效性与镉、锌的存在形态、相互作用以及土壤pH值密切相关。

The results showed that the relationship between the bio-availability and species of cadmium and zinc and soil pH values was closely correlated .

Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr等元素的生物有效性研究&以胶州湾水生系统为例

Bioavailability of Pb , Zn , Cd and Cr & Bioaccumulation in Clam from Aquatic Ecosystem in the Jiaozhou Bay

结果表明：鄱阳湖土壤中Cu，Pb和Zn主要以有机态和残渣态为主，水溶态和离子交换态等生物有效性态含量很少；

The results showed that the organic matter-sulfide bound and residuum speciation are the main content of Cu , Zn , Pb ;

Cr的生物有效性呈降低的趋势，从不稳定态迁移至稳定态，而Pb和Cd则刚好相反。

The bioavailability of Cr decreased and chemical speciation transformed from unstable state to stable state while Pb and Cd showed opposite .

土壤中不同老化时间的DDT对小麦根系的生物有效性

Bioavailability of DDT in soil with various aging periods to wheat roots

14周好气培养实验显示，矿化结束后，污泥中14%～26%以上有机态Cr（Ⅲ）转化为无机态，具有很高的迁移性和生物有效性；

The re-sults showed that 14 % ~ 26 % of Cr (ⅲ) in the sludge was transformed from organic form into inorganic form .

土壤表层重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的有效态含量和生物有效性系数均大于土壤底层。

The effective content and biological validity coefficients of Cu , Zn , Pb and Cd in surface soil were greater than the bottom soil .

因此，高剂量稀土施加不仅影响土壤P的吸附性能，而且可能会影响土壤P形态转化来改变P的生物有效性。

Thus , the application of rare earths at high dosages can influence the availability of soil phosphorus , not only by affecting P adsorption but also possibly the transformation of P forms in soil .

综合介绍了水稻根际土壤中的pH值、Eh值、有机质和微生物、其它金属元素及根分泌物等因素同镉的生物有效性之间的关系。

It was demonstrated that bioavailability of cadmium is related with pH , Eh , microorganisms , and other elements in rhizosphere of paddy soil .

此外生物有效性还可能与水中是否存在可溶性有机碳（DOC）有关。

In addition , the bioavailability might be related to the existance of dissolved organic carbon ( DOC ) in water .

因此，亟需发展一种能够快速准确评价土壤中PCBs生物有效性的方法。

Therefore , it is urgent to develop a fast and accurate method to evaluate bioavailability of PCBs in soil .

目前，通过调节土壤pH值、施入有机肥及土壤改良剂控制Cd生物有效性的报道已较多，而对于土壤中的不同水分预处理对Cd生物有效性影响的研究较少。

Currently , the reports about pH , organic matter and ameliorants ' effect on controlling the mobility were so more , while the studies of water pretreatment on Cd bioavailability was insufficiency .

DDTs在土壤中的老化规律及生物有效性

Aging and bioavailability of DDTs in soil

通过对重金属复合污染红壤菜园土和水稻土的培育试验，研究施用有机肥和石灰对红壤中生物有效性重金属（Cd、Cu、Pb）含量、土壤微生物和植物生理过程的影响。

A pot experiment was conducted to study the bio environmental effects of lime and organic manure application on red soil and paddy soil derived from red sandstone and polluted by multi heavy metals .

因此，以DTPA提取的有效态镍来表征土壤镍的生物有效性是可行的。

Therefore , it was feasible to use the DTPA extracted nickel to evaluate the bioavailability of soil nickel contamination .

Cd的生物有效性较强。（7）随污泥连续施用时间的增加，土壤中重金属Cd、Cr的四种有效形态含量均有不同程度增加。

The plant availability of cadmium was stronger than chromium . ( 7 ) The amounts of four effective formations of cadmium , chromium increased in some degrees with increasing time of application of sludge .

堆肥土壤重金属中Cu和Pb的生物有效性及移动性最高的，具有潜在的生态风险，而Zn相对稳定，不容易释放，生物有效性低。

The bioavailability and mobility of Cu and Pb are highest in the studies three heavy metals , with potential ecological risks , while Zn is relatively more stable and hard to release . 5 .