滑膜关节

颞下颌关节是滑膜关节。颞下颌关节滑膜覆盖着关节囊的关节腔面，它由两层组织构成，第一层为贴近关节腔的内衬细胞层，称为滑膜内膜；

TMJ is synovial joint , of which synovial membrane covers surface of joint cavity , and consists of two layers of soft tissue .

滑膜关节润滑的力学机理

The mechanical mechanism for lubrication of the synovial joints

另一常见类型为类风湿关节炎，是一类慢性全身性自身免疫疾病，以滑膜关节炎和关节外病变为主要临床表现。

The other common type is rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ), resulting from the autoimmune disorder that causes the chronic inflammation of joints .

人体滑膜关节中，天然关节软骨具有多重不可替代的特殊功能和重要作用。

Natural articular cartilage is well known as a special connective tissue with multiple effects and functions , which are important and irreplaceable , in human synovial joints .

这是一种既具有纤维关节特征同时又具有滑膜关节特征的混合关节，在骨连接分类方面属直接连接和间接连接的过渡类型。

This is a mixed type of joint both with feature of the fibrous joint and the characteristics of the synovial articulation . In the classification of the junctures of bones it belongs to a transitional type between the direct juncture and the indirect juncture of bones .

根据临床表现、生化检查及X射线检查即可确诊，滑膜或关节液检查到尿酸盐结晶是诊断的重要依据。

The detection of urate crystal by synovium and synovial fluid is the key basis for diagnose .

结果：CIA模型组大鼠滑膜和关节软骨中PARP-1蛋白表达及mRNA水平明显高于正常组（p0.01）。

Results : The protein and mRNA expression of PARP-1 in the synovium and articular cartilage of the model group were significant higher than the control group ( p0.01 ) .

骶髂关节滑膜部关节间隙90%为2～5mm，<2mm的占10%。

The width of sacroiliac joint space of the synovial part was 2 ~ 5 mm in 90 % of cases and less than 2 mm in 10 % of cases .

目的探讨关节镜下滑膜切除关节清理术治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。

To assess the effectiveness of treatment of synovectomy and joint debridement underarthroscope to rheumatoid arthritis .

骨关节炎患者滑膜和关节软骨中金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1的研究

Study on Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase - 1 in Synovium and Articular Cartilage of Patients with Osteoarthritis

病变部位主要见于中轴关节的滑膜、关节囊、肌键和韧带的骨附着点。

The inflammation is mainly found in the synovium of axial joint , joint capsule , tendon and ligaments attach to the bone .

磁共振成像可明确显示关节滑膜、关节腔积液、关节软骨破坏和关节周围软组织改变。

RESULTSMRI could reveal accurately the synovium of joint , effusion of joint , destruction of articular cartilage and the changes of periarticular soft tissues .

研究表明伴有充血、炎症滑膜的关节神经痛或者退行性关节炎很可能会产生游离体，但是也容易被吸收。

Neuropathic or degenerative joints with hyperemic or inflamed synovium are particularly prone to the development of loose bodies , but they also tend to rapidly reabsorb them .

三联法治疗对膝骨性关节炎家兔关节软骨、滑膜和关节液一氧化氮水平的影响

Experimental Study on the Effects of the Level of the Nitric Oxide ( NO ) in Articular Cartilage , Synovial Membrane and Synovia with the Three United Remedy in Osteoarthritis Rabbits Knee

结果正常人滑膜部关节间隙宽度为2～5mm.40岁后，关节前下部间隙可出现局部狭窄。

Result The normal width of the synovial part of the sacroiliac joint was 2 ~ 5mm . After the age of 40 years , the anterior and inferior joint space may become narrower .

滑膜是关节滑动体系中的重要组成部分，其中有大量的血液供应和丰富的神经供应，滑膜的分泌、吸收和营养供应是关节软骨维持正常代谢和功能的前提。

Synovium is an important part of Synovial joint sliding system with large number of the rich blood supply and nerve supply ; the secretion of synovial , absorption and nutrition supply to maintain normal articular cartilage metabolism and function .

目的探讨中药熏蒸、电极刺激、手法弹拨三联法对膝骨性关节炎家兔关节软骨、滑膜及关节液NO水平的影响，为临床推广应用三联法提供实验及理论依据。

Objective : To explore the effects of the three united remedy of Chinese herbs fumigating , electrode stimulating , naprapathy on nitric oxide ( NO ) in articular cartilage , synovial membrane and synovia in rabbits ' knee joint .

现代医学认为膝骨性关节炎是一种以关节软骨退行性改变为核心，累及骨质，并包括滑膜、关节囊及关节其他结构的全方位、多层次、不同程度的慢性炎症。

Modern medicine considers that Knee Osteoarthritis is a all-round , multi-level , different levels of chronic inflammation which has degenerative changes in the articular cartilage at the core , the bone involved , including synovial , and the joint capsule and articular other structures .

目的：了解佐剂性关节炎（AA）大鼠滑膜巨噬细胞在关节破坏中的作用。

AIM : To explore the role of synovium macrophage of adjuvant arthritis ( AA ) rats in articular damage .

滑膜是RA关节内最先受侵犯的组织，病变最初局限在关节滑膜区域，其他损害均继发于滑膜病变，最后导致关节强直与畸形。

The synovial member is the first tissue which is injured and localized in the synovial membrane of the joint at the beginning . The secondary development after that causes the joint deformity and dysfunction .

MRI显示20例关节面骨侵蚀，所有30例均可见关节滑膜增厚、关节积液以及关节周围炎性渗出，23例可见血管翳形成，7例合并关节周围肌腱韧带损伤。

With MRI , bone erosions were observed in 20 patients , polyarticular synovial hyperplasia , joint effusion , and periarticular inflammation tissue was seen in all 30 patients , pannus was showed in 23 patients . Abnormalities of tendons and ligaments were also diagnosed in 7 patients on MRI .

佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜巨噬细胞在关节破坏中的作用

Role of synovium macrophage during adjuvant arthritis in rat articular damage

结果①大部分滑膜肉瘤邻近关节，尤其下肢大关节。

Results ① Most synovial sarcomas located in close proximity to joints , especially large joints of lower limbs .

滑膜对于维持关节的正常功能，并且在骨关节炎疾病的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用。

Synovium is important in maintaining regular articular function and plays an important role in the developing process of osteoarthritis .

探讨膝关节滑膜疾病的关节积液与滑膜厚度对疾病的诊断价值，并对两者的相关性进行分析。

To analyze joint effusion and synovial tissue thickness of synovial diseases of knee joint and to correlate joint effusion with synovial tissue thickness .

观察早期JIA受累膝关节滑膜的厚度、关节囊腔积液、骨髓水肿、软骨性关节面损伤等在MR工上的表现。

Observe MRI expression of synovium thickness of involved knees , hydrops of joint capsule , bone marrow edema and cartilaginous articular surface injuries of early juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA ) .

目的：类风湿关节炎（RA）是以滑膜慢性炎症和关节破坏为特点的自身免疫性疾病，病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚。

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and destruction of joints . The etiology and pathogenesis of RA remain unknown .

降低血清炎性介质唾液酸（SA）和细胞因子（TNF一a）的水平，从而减轻关节滑膜炎症，减轻关节肿胀，改善关节的病理状态，减轻关节软骨的破坏。

Decreasing blood serum inflamation medium sialic acid ( SA ) and cytokine ( TNF-a ), thus reducing synovitis and swelling of joint , ameliorating articular pathologic status , relieving articular cartilage destruction .

RGM感染是通过培养滑膜液和人工关节周围组织标本进行诊断的。

Diagnosis of RGM infection was made by culturing synovial fluid and periprosthetic tissue specimens .

结果：MRI可以清楚显示四肢类风湿性关节炎的滑膜增生、软骨关节面破坏、骨性关节面侵蚀及骨内囊肿形成、韧带及关节囊增厚、腱鞘积液及关节变形等所造成的形态和信号改变。

Results : The manifestations of MR signal intensity and shape of rheumatoid arthritis which were caused by synovial hyperplasis , articular cartilage destruction , bony erosion , intraosseous cyst , ligment and joint capsule thickening , and the fluid accumulated in tendon sheath were clearly showed by MRI .