法向

今天这个是用来求F的法向分量的积分的。

The one today is for integrating the normal component of F.

我很少在后面写大N代表牛顿，因为太容易和法向力N搞混了。

I never put a capital N for newtons because that is very confusing with this normal force .

通过对滚转阻力矩的分析，得到了滚转阻力矩与圆柱半径R及法向载荷P之间的关系。

By analyzing of the rolling resistance torque , the relationship between the rolling resistance torque 7 / and the cylinder radius R , the normal force P was found .

基于STL面片法向矢量的自适应分层算法

Adaptive Slicing Arithmetic Based on STL Facet-vector Model

土壤-根茬复合体其抗剪强度τ与剪切面上的法向压应力σ成正比，复合体土壤凝聚力C比无根土壤增加115%～205%；内摩擦角φ增加11%～15%。

The coherence force C and the inner friction angle of composite increase 115 % - 205 % and 11 % ~ 15 % respectively more than that of no rootstalk soil .

土壤呼吸通量是直接测定从土壤表层释放的CO2通量，测定方法也逐渐由静态气室法向动态气室法完善；

Soil respiration efflux was the CO_2 evolution process from soil surface , its measuring methods were being improved from static chamber method to dynamic closed chamber method .

基于Laplacian算子的法向网格生成

Normal Mesh Generation Based on Laplacian Operator

Marc，考虑结构的材料非线性、几何非线性和接触非线性，建立了充气式气囊密封的轴对称有限元模型，对其充气密封机制进行了分析，得到了唇口法向接触应力的分布规律；

Marc . The seal mechanism was analyzed and normal contact stress distribution along seal bead was obtained .

采用Hertz理论分析轮轨法向力。推导了轮轨接触蠕滑率的计算公式。

The Hertz non-linear contact theory is used to calculate the wheel / rail normal forces .

通过查阅相关文献资料，并运用Delphi法向专家进行调查咨询，确定了新加坡建筑市场上中国承包商风险评价指标体系。

The paper determines the index system of the risks that contractors in the Singapore construction market by studying correlative literature and the delphi method .

一般认为，Co／Pt多层膜的垂直磁各向异性主要源于界面处沿膜面法向的平移对称性中断队及Co与Pt的d电子杂化。

For Co / Pt multilayers , the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is mainly re-sulted from the reduced symmetry and the hybridization between Co and Pt d orbits at interface .

微波加热法向沸石分子筛中引入金属离子&La~（3＋）与NaX、NaY、NaL、NaM沸石离子交换微波催化氧化邻二甲苯制苯酐

Cation-Exchange of Zeolites Using Microwave Radiation Catalytic Oxidation of o-Xylene to Phthalic Anhydride under Microwave Radiation

计算了在轨运行条件下反射镜面热变形引起的表面法向偏转参数，推导了镜面变形后出射光线的通用表达式以及镜面变形前后在CCD探测器上的接收光斑中心偏转量的计算表达式。

It compute the parameter of deflexion caused by thermal distortion in orbit , deduce the general expression for spreading beam after thermal distortion of reflector and the center deflexion of facula received in CCD .

光顺攻击采用了Laplacian光顺和平均法向光顺，针对模型不同几何细节特性采用不同的光顺方法进行攻击。

Smoothing attacks use Laplacian smoothing and averaging normal smoothing method , in view of the details of different geometric characteristics of the model .

纵波在改进的弹性非线性法向变形行为单节理处的传播特性研究各向同性介质包覆单轴晶体TM波表面传播模式存在条件研究

Transmission of elastic P-wave across one fracture with improved nonlinear normal deformation behaviors Condition for the existence of surface TM modes at the interface between an isotropic medium and a uniaxial plasma

低轨卫星在轨运行热环境条件下，不能有效释放热应力的反射镜面将产生热变形，镜面法向偏转可达百μrad量级；

When a low-orbit satellite moves under thermal condition , the normal line of the antenna mirror surface turns due to antenna mirror thermal distortion .

基于BP-Network的机械结合面法向动刚度模拟方法的研究

Research on the modeling method of the normal dynamic stiffness of mechanical joints on BP network

本文系统地研究了修整参数（修整切深ad、修整进给量fd、修整速度Vd）、修整工具的磨损和冷却液对法向修整力F（nd）变化的影响规律。

This paper systematically studies the law of normal dressing force which varies with the dressing parameters ( such as depth of dressing α _d , dressing feed f_d and speed V_d ), wear of the dresser and the coolant used .

本文提出一种新的曲线法向回归方法。实际上，它是Deming思想的进一步推广和完善。

A new orthogonal regression method of curve is presented , which is the further exten - sion and perfection of Deming 's thought .

利用CDP道集，可以直接获得共中心点叠加时间剖面或视深度剖面，由此可转换为法向深度剖面。

By using the CDP gather , common-mid-point stacked time section or apparent depth section can directly be obtained , which can be converted into normal depth section .

并据此基本解得到了圆柱壳受集中法向载荷、集中温度载荷作用下的奇异解，这些积分形式的解的被积函数具有第二种Hankel函数和指数函数乘积的形式，容易获得数值结果。

Numerical results for the singular solutions with integrands expressed in terms of the product of the second Hankel function and the exponential function agree well with FEM results .

计算结果显示，由于蠕变特性的存在，μDMFC膜电极工作面法向应力随着热-机械载荷循环次数的增加而增大。

Simulation results showed that because of the effect of creep , the overall normal stresses of the working plane in MEA increased with the increase of thermal-mechanical load cycles .

本文探讨了如何通过聚合物熔体流变特性参数的测量来估算挤出流动中第一法向应力差N1的问题。

This paper deas with the problem of evaluating the first normal stress difference ( N. ) in extrusion flow through measurements of the rheological parameters of polymer melts .

针对Coulomb摩擦接触问题的位移-力混合接触单元，为了防止接触面嵌入量太大，对于粘接状态在修正接触边界法向位移的同时，提出了一种修正切向位移的方法；

The amending tangential displacement method is put forward toward the amend-ing normal displacement of stick contact to prevent the inset on the surface of a mixed ele-ment of displacement and force of Coulomb friction contact .

全烃检测正在从传统的FID（氢火焰离子鉴定器）法向红外方式转移，红外气体检测成为国外气体检测的新热点。

Full hydrocarbon analysis is transferring from traditional FID method ( flame ionization detector ) to infrared detection method . The infrared gas detection has become the new hotspot in foreign countries .

本文将修正的Helmholtz边界积分方程和结构有限元相结合，建立一种求解结构声辐射及物面动响应（包括物面法向速度和压力分布）的矩阵分析方法。

Based on the modified Helmholtz integral equation and the structural finite element method , a matrix analytic method is presented for predicting the acoustic radiation and the dynamic responses of a submerged structure .

Hutton等首先提出的连续系统Routh逼近模型降阶法向离散域的推广，至今未获得完整满意的结果。

Up till now , the Routh approximation method presented by Hutton for model reduction of linear continue time-invariant systems has not got perfect extension to discrete-time systems .

当拉应力较大时，微动疲劳寿命（FFL）与普通疲劳寿命（PFL）相差不大，法向压力的影响不明显；

The difference between the PFL and FFL is not obvious for large tensile stresses and so does the effect of the contact pressure on the FFL .

用渗流法向开孔泡沫铝-硅合金和泡沫纯铝中充填硅橡胶获得含硅橡胶的泡沫材料，在材料试验机和SHPB上对含硅橡胶的复合材料进行动态与准静态压缩实验。

The aluminium foam containing silicone rubber was fabricated by infiltrating silicone rubber into the open-cell aluminum foam . The dynamic compressive experiments and quasi-static experiments were conducted on material test system and SHPB , respectively .

重点讨论了相对稳定期动摩擦因数的平均值μAV、标准偏差σ以及过渡期时间t和初始值μ0对法向压强pn的变化规律。

Discussions are focused on laws with respected to pressure Pn of the mean Uav > the normal deviation a of friction coefficient in relatively steady period , as well as the time of transition period t and the initial value Uo .