剩余损失

广告发展与消费剩余损失

Development of advertising and loss of consumer surplus

代理成本包括委托人的监督成本、代理人的保证成本、剩余损失三个部分。

One of key conceptions is agent cost which includes three parts : supervision cost , ensure cost and residual loess .

研究结果表明期权订货量与损失规避系数、缺货损失等参数密切相关，订货量的多少取决于期望缺货损失和期望剩余损失之间的权衡。

The study shows that the order quantity under loss aversion is affected by the loss aversion coefficient , and the shortage cost . and depends on trade-off between expected stock-out loss and expected overstocking loss .

IMF称，银行将承担三分之二的损失，保险公司、养老基金、对冲基金和其它机构将承担剩余的损失。

Banks would bear two-thirds of the losses , it said , with insurance companies , pension funds , hedge funds and others taking the rest .

估计剩余有效损失值估计应付土地增值税

Accrued liabilities for land value increment tax

在全球互联的今天，广告成本和信息传递成本趋于降低，将减少消费者剩余的损失程度。

In the age of globalization , the costs of advertisement and information transition is lowered , which will reduce the loss of consumer surplus .

剩余利润或损失在合伙人之间的分割比例。

5The ratio in which residual profits and losses will be shared by the partners .

当一个服务站没有能量护盾和装甲剩余并开始损失结构值时，它将不可用。

When a service has no shields or armor left and starts taking structure damage , it becomes disabled .

它们可以避免过分压低美元，使得自己手中剩余美元的损失最小化，同时避免出现系统性混乱。

They would avoid depressing the dollar excessively , minimising the loss on their remaining dollar holdings as well as avoiding systemic disruption .

将环境容量引入淡旺季游客数据分组和消费者剩余计算中环境损失成本的剔除；

Introduced the environmental capacity into consumer surplus calculating ;

通过拥挤收费使得社会剩余达到最大，同时导致用户剩余的损失，并衍生社会公平性问题。

The implementation of congestion pricing brings to the maximization of social surplus , but leads the loss of users'surplus and causes the problems in social equity .