信用证软条款

信用证软条款的识别与防范

Identification and Prevention of the Soft Clause in Letter of Credit

信用证软条款及其防范

Soft Clause in Letter of Credit & the Prevention

信用证软条款问题研究

Research on Problems of Soft Clauses in the Letter of Credit

第二部分，本文着重讨论了信用证软条款的识别和分类问题。

The second part mainly discusses recognition and classification of soft clauses .

信用证软条款诈骗及其风险防范浅析

Letter of credit soft items cheating and risk prevention analysis

关于信用证软条款的界定，国内外都没有一个公认的定义。

The definition of the " soft clause " is not unified at home and abroad .

第二章从客观和主观两个方面分析了信用证软条款的成因。

Chapter 2 is an analysis of the reasons for the soft clauses to appear and exit .

信用证软条款的危害不言而喻，直接损害了出口商的利益，也影响了国际贸易的秩序。

Obviously , the damage of the " soft clause " both directly harm the interests of exporters and affect the international trade order .

第三章探讨了信用证软条款的性质，认为含有软条款的信用证是附条件的合同，而软条款即是所附的条件。

It Chapter 3 , it is pointed out that a documentary credit is a contract with terms while the soft clauses are the terms .

信用证软条款问题在国内外多有研究，对其分类、定性、效力有多种理论。

People both at home and abroad have studied the problem of soft clause and with which many different theories of classification , characterization , effect arising .

目前国际间并未有规范信用证软条款的国际条约或国际惯例，我国法律也缺乏这方面的特别规定。

Currently , there are not international rules or international practice to standard soft clause . There are not special rules about the soft clause in china now either .

对于信用证软条款产生的原因从内部和外部来分析，信用证软条款的分类也结合了交易的各个环节与软条款的设立技巧进行。

And then this paper analyzes the reasons for the letter of credit through internal and external reasons , classifies the soft clauses according to the different steps combined with application skills of soft clauses .

除了引言和结语，本文分为三章，对信用证软条款的基本理论，软条款的救济理论，以及出口企业与银行对于软条款的风险防范等问题进行了讨论。

In addition to the preface and the conclusion , this article covers three chapters discussing the elementary theory , the relief theory and the fraud exception theory of the soft clause of the letter of credit .

第二章是信用证软条款的种类及其救济，本章对信用证软条款的几种常见的表现形式做了一些归纳，另外对信用证软条款的救济问题做了一些探讨。

The second chapter is about letter of credit soft clause types and its relief , this chapter makes some inductions to several types of and makes some discussion to letter of credit soft clause relief questions .

第一章是信用证软条款的基本理论概述，主要讨论了信用证软条款的特点、成因和性质，对信用证有一个比较全面的认识。

The first chapter is about letter of credit soft clause elementary theory , mainly discusses letter of credit soft clause characteristic , cause and nature so that we can have a comprehensive understanding of letter of credit .

第三章是对信用证软条款核心问题法律性质和法律效力的论述。

At last , the classification of the credit let us recognize skills and principles of the soft clauses . Chapter ⅲ discusses the effectiveness and legal nature of soft clauses , and this is the core issue about soft clauses .

信用证软条款是单方面被开证行或者开证申请人控制，使受益人处于不利地位难以取得应有货款的条款。

The soft clauses are unilaterally under control of the applicant or the issuing bank , so that the beneficiaries would be at a disadvantage place . Accordingly there is no guarantee for the beneficiary to submit documents to the bank in order to receive the payment .

然而实践中却产生了另一类UCP500所无法调整的信用证，即软条款信用证。

But the practice produces the other kind that the UCP500 can not defines .

本文在2006年版《跟单信用证统一惯例》的框架下，探讨信用证软条款的相关法律问题。

The paper discusses the legal issues of soft clauses on documentary credits under UCP600 .

针对信用证条款中一种非常特殊的条款&信用证软条款以及软条款风险防范这一问题，本文展开研究。

As a kind of extremely special provision of Letter of Credit-Soft Clause as well as risk guard of Soft Clause , this article launches the research on this question .

为了不断发展和完善信用证制度，以适应现代国际贸易发展的需要，信用证软条款问题应有一个正确和统一的认识。

In order to continuously develop and improve the credit system to meet the needs of the development of modern international trade , we should have a correct and uniform understanding of the soft clause .

但国际商会2007年开始实施的《跟单信用证统一惯例》（下称《UCP600》）相比《UCP500》而言，并没有增加对信用证软条款的规定。

But compared to the " UCP500 ", the " Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits " ( hereinafter referred to as " UCP600 ") taken effect by the International Chamber of Commerce in 2007 , not added the provisions for soft clause yet .