习明

习明纳：一种值得探讨的教学和研究制度

Seminar-A Teaching and Research System worth Probing

论习明纳尔在中国近现代史纲要教学中的运用

On Utilization of SEMINAR in Teaching of the Outline of Modern and Contemporary History of China

斯坦福大学一年级新生的习明纳课程改革之路并非一帆风顺。

Although reforming freshmen seminar is a hard project , this seminar-style learning finally exists in freshmen curriculum .

19世纪，德国柏林大学首先将习明纳正式作为大学最重要的教学模式。

In the 19th century , Berlin University of Germany firstly made the seminar as the most important teaching model .

清华大学自2003学年秋季学期开始设立由知名教授主持、面向大一新生选修的新生研讨课。美国研究型大学一年级习明纳尔课程

Freshman Seminar , initiated at Tsinghua University in 2003 , is a new course with its unique theoretical principles and teaching procedure . Freshman Seminar in American Research Universities

第三，从现有资料来看，国外对研究性教学的相关研究主要体现在以下几种教学模式之中：开放课堂教学、以为题解决为导向的教学、习明纳教学。

Third , according to the current material , the foreign research is mainly reflected in the following teaching models : open education 、 the problem-based teaching and Seminar .

为了实现这一培养目标，美国研究型大学把一年级习明纳尔作为改革本科生教育的重要措施之一，并取得了积极的效果。

To realize the goal , the American research universities developed freshman seminar as one of the main measures of their undergraduate education reform , and achieved positive effects .

习明纳&德国大学一种教学和研究制度，导源于德国大学的传统学术制度，是德国大学改革与发展的必然，习明纳的发展是政府在经济等方面大力支持的结果。

Seminar , a teaching and research system in German universities , originated from the German traditional academic system and was the inevitable outcome of the reform and development of German universities . Its development resulted from the governmental support in economy .