革兰阴性菌

虽然革兰阴性菌内毒素（endotoxin），即脂多糖（LPS）的确切作用现在仍有争论，但它在启动体内免疫系统反应，导致中毒性休克中的重要性已得到普遍认识。

It has been realized publicly that endotoxin ( LPS ) can cause immune reaction in septic shock .

革兰阴性菌中16SRRNA甲基化酶基因的检测

Detection of 16S rRNA Methylases Gene in Gram-negative Bacteria

方法：对2000年7月至2004年6月本院ICU所分离的革兰阴性菌菌株及体外耐药率的回顾性分析。

Methods : Gram-negative bacterial distribution and drug resistance in ICU from July 2000 to June 2004 were analyzed retrospectively .

结果革兰阴性菌败血症主要分布于感染科、血液科和ICU；

Results The septicemia that caused by gram negative bacteria mainly occurred in infection department , blood department and ICU .

目的探讨抗凝血酶-Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）对内毒素血症大鼠凝血功能异常的治疗作用。方法采用静脉注射革兰阴性菌脂多糖（LPS）复制大鼠内毒素血症凝血功能异常模型。

Objective To study the treatment effects of antithrombin - ⅲ( AT - ⅲ) on coagulation abnormalities in rats with endotoxaemia .

革兰阴性菌中，产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株较常见。

The strains producing the extended spectrum beta-lactamases ( ESBLs ) of Gram-negative bacteria were often detected .

结论：Gln强化的PN可以减少肠瘘病人CRI的发生，尤其是来源于肠道的革兰阴性菌的感染。

Conclusions : Glutamine supplementation can decrease morbidity of CRI in gastrointestinal fistula patients , especially gut-derived Gram-negative infection .

目的了解自身免疫病（AD）患者革兰阴性菌感染病原菌的种类、分布及耐药状况，为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。

Objective To study the distribution of pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in autoimmune disease ( AD ) patients with gram-negative bacterial infections , for guiding the rational use of antibiotics therapy .

目的：了解产质粒介导AmpCβ内酰胺酶革兰阴性菌耐药性及分子流行病学情况。

Objective : To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative organisms .

结果革兰阴性菌ESBLs的检出率为14.6%（1731184）；

Results The prevalence of ESBLs producing strains in gram negative bacteria is 14.6 % ( 173 / 1 184 ) .

其中以革兰阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）为主要致病因素，不仅引起肺部炎症反应，还可使原有肺部疾病发展和加重。

Some pathogenic factors may cause airway inflammation , such as lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ), which is the main component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria .

目的：了解革兰阴性菌产CTXM3型超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的分子传播机制，为临床防治提供依据。

Objective : To study the molecular transmission mechanisms of CTX M 3 ESBLs producing Gram negative bacteria for the control of its spreading .

临床分离的革兰阴性菌3类整合酶基因的筛查与Ⅰ类整合子结构分析产ESBLs菌株Ⅰ类整合子分布与耐药基因的研究

Screening and structural analysis of integrase genes in gram-negative bacteria The distribution of class ⅰ integron in ESBLs and Study on resistant genotypes of ESBLs

内毒素是革兰阴性菌壁外膜成分，化学结构为脂多糖（LPS），是ALI的主要致病因素之一，目前尚无有效的抗内毒素治疗药物。

Lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ), a major component of Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin , is the leading cause of ALI . So far , there are still no effective antiendotoxin drugs .

方法借助支气管炎痰培养在血平板上的菌落产生褐色素，将其用革兰阴性菌简易定属方法鉴定，进一步检查生物学特征，测定菌株的DNA碱基组成（G+cMol%），最后确认。

METHODS A simple method for defining Gram-negative bacteria was used to differentiate B. parapertussis from bronchitis sputum culture on blood plates . And then the biological characteristics as well as the DNA confirmation ( G + C mol % ) were assayed .

革兰阴性菌耐药率高，AB对包括IPM在内的13种常用抗生素均高度耐药且其质粒上携带可接合传递并稳定传代的三种耐药基因。

AB isolates were resistant to all the13 commonly used antibiotics including imipenem ( IPM ) and its plasmid harbored three kinds of genotypes could be transferred and hereditary stable .

结果在分离出的180株革兰阴性菌中，有62株经表型确证试验证实为产ESBLs菌株，检出率34.4%。

Results Among a total of 180 Gram-negative isolates , 62 ( isolates ) were identified as ESBLs by phenotypic confirmatory test and the incidence was 34.4 % .

方法：收集革兰阴性菌医院感染无重复株共378株，进行药敏试验和ESBLs产酶株的检测；

Methods : A total of 378 clinical isolates of Gram negative bacilli from three hospitals were collected , bacterial susceptibility testing and detection of ESBLs were done .

革兰阴性菌产CTX-M-3型超广谱β内酰胺酶分子传播机制的研究

Study on molecular transmission mechanisms of CTX-M-3 producing Gram-negative bacteria

测定它们对20株临床分离和标准革兰阴性菌和标准革兰阳性菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明，5a和5b的体外抗菌活性与外消旋体5c基本相当。

The in vitro antibacterial activities of 5a and 5b against 20 Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were comparable to that of racemic compound 5c .

氨基甙类抗生素（AmAn）是一类有效抗革兰阴性菌抗生素，但由于耳毒性和肾毒性，临床应用受到限制。

Aminoglycoside antibiotics ( AmAn ) are effective drugs in therapy against gram-negative infections , but the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity limit their use in clinic .

革兰阴性菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）检出率为27.4%，耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）占所有葡萄球菌的78.6%，对大部分抗生素出现高度耐药。

Bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ( ESBLs ) were detected with a rate of 27.4 % . Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus ( MRS ) accounted for 78.6 % of all Staphylococcus , resisting significantly to Macrolides , Cephalosporins and Fluoroquinolones .

近来的研究显示，革兰阴性菌中一种基因捕获和表达的遗传单位&整合子（integron）在细菌获得抗生素抗性机制中起了重要作用。

Integron , a genetic element of gene capture and expression in Gram-negative bacteria , has been showed to play an important role in acquired antibiotic resistance of bacteria .

在动物医学中，TST已被用于由革兰阴性菌感染引起的乳腺炎和皮肤科疾病的治疗。

Among which Thiostrepton has been used in veterinary medicine in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders . It is also active against gram-positive bacteria .

572株革兰阴性菌从药敏表型筛选结果分析，表现为高产AmpC酶的菌株共173株，其中148株三维试验阳性，符合率为85.5%。

Phenotype screening test showed that 173 out of 572 isolates were highly AmpC beta-lactamases producing strains , of which , 148 tested positive by three-dimensional test with the coincidence rate as 85.5 % .

脂多糖（LPS）是革兰阴性菌（GNB）细胞壁的主要成份，是GNB所致脓毒症多种病理生理反应的第一触发因子。

Lipopolysaccharides ( LPS ) is an integral part of the outer membrane of all Gram-negative bacteria ( GNB ) and is considered to be the primary trigger of pathophysiologic events in sepsis .

目的研究沈阳地区儿科产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended-spectrum-βlactamases，ESBLs）革兰阴性菌的耐药性及ESBLs基因型分布，初步探讨其多重耐药性传播的分子机制。

Objective To study the antimicrobial resistance and genotypes of extended-spectrum β - ( lactamases )( ESBLs ) - producing Gram-negative bacteria isolated from pediatrics in Shenyang and preliminarily investigate the molecular mechanisms of their multiple antibiotic resistance dissemination process .

美洛培南1g给药后其谷浓度为6.68±3.37mg／ml，高于大多数革兰阴性菌及重要革兰阳性菌的MIC90s。

Trough levels of 6.68 ± 3.37 mg / ml after 1 g doses of meropenem are above the MIC90s for gram-negative bacteria and for the most important gram-positive bacteria .

目的分析呼吸重症监护室（RICU）痰标本分离的常见革兰阴性菌（GNB）的药物敏感性。

Objective To analyze the antimicrobial resistance of most common Gram negative bacteria ( GNB ) isolated from sputum specimens in the respiratory intensive care units ( RICU ) .

革兰阴性菌是成人NP主要病原菌，且对大多数常用抗菌素有较高的耐药性：革兰阳性菌是儿童NP主要致病菌，且对青霉素、红霉素高度耐药，对万古霉素高度敏感。

Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogen of adult with NP and able to resistance to most of the antibiotics , Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogen of children with NP and highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin , but extremely sensitive to vancomycin . 3 .