远端小管

阿利新兰（AB）标记酸性粘蛋白，其主要分布于远端小管和集合管的腔面。

Alcian blue ( AB ) stained acidic mucin , which was only positive in lumen of the distal tubule and collecting duct .

集合管腔面显示PAS强阳性，血管球、远端小管细胞侧面、近端小管刷状缘为阳性，其它部位反应较弱。

Luminal surface showed strong set of PAS-positive . endothelium of the glomerular capillaries , the distal tubule cells , and the brush border of proximal tubule cell were positive , while in other parts the response is weak .

在7～30d、70～140dc－Myc、c－Fos、c－Jun、c－H－Ras分别在近端小管、髓襻、远端小管、集合管上皮细胞内表达。

RESULTS : c-Myc , c-Fos , c-Jun and c-H-Ras were expressed in the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules , the medullary loops , the distal and collecting tubules in 7 ~ 30 and 70 ~ 140 days , respectively .

【结果】①所有肾病综合征及急性肾炎肾病理切片均存在不同程度PAX2再表达，且其中肾远端小管表达明显高于近端小管（P0.05），足细胞表达微弱。

【 Results 】① PAX2 re-expression was showed in all sections of NS and AGN , more intense staining in distal tubules than in proximal tubules , in podocytes faintly . Normal control was negative .

琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）为细胞内线粒体的标志酶，其主要分布在中间段、远端小管和集合管上皮细胞中，而在肾小球、近端小管中的反应较弱。

Succinate dehydrogenase ( SDH ) as a sign of mitochondrial enzymes in cells , its main distribution in the intermediate segment , distal tubule , collecting duct epithelial cells and in the glomeruli , but in the proximal tubule the response was weekly positive .

在发育后期阶段近端小管和远端小管PAX2表达进行性减少，少数仍存在远端小管微弱表达，集合管表达持续存在。

Attenuation of PAX2 was detected in tubules in later stage of renal development , but a few of distal tubules and collecting tubules expressing continuously .

虽然AT2受体在肾脏的近端小管、远端小管和血管系统都存在表达，AT2受体刺激诱导肾脏的缓激肽（bradykinin）/NO通道，但很少有关AT2受体调节肾功能和钠外排方面有价值的研究。

Although the AT_2 receptor is expressed in renal proximal and distal tubules and vasculature , and AT_2 receptor stimulation induces a bradykinin / NO pathway within the kidney , little information is available concerning AT_2 receptor regulation of renal function and sodium excretion .

结论正常肾组织和多囊肾组织均可表达多囊素，多囊素染色以远端小管和集合管为主，细胞染色有差异性；

Conclusion PC is expressed either in polycystic kidney or in normal renal cells ;

集合管、近端、远端小管均可见明、暗两种类型上皮细胞。

The light cells and dark cells can be observed in the collecting , proximal and distal tubule .

髓放线内有近端小管直部和远端小管直部。输尿管部分梗阻与肾小管间质纤维化

The medullary ray contains the straight parts of proximal tubules and distal tubules . Renal fibrosis caused by partial unilateral ureter obstruction

胚胎第8周近、远端小管已形成，第10周已有小管发育较好。

During the 8 weeks , the proximal and distal tubule had formed and the tubule had developed well during the 10 weeks .

外周区主要分布有近端小管、集合管和大部分中间段。中间区主要分布有肾小体、小部分中间段和大部分远端小管。

The proximal tubules mainly , collecting duct and most of intermediate segment distributed in the peripheral zone , and renal corpuscles , most of distal tubules located the intermediate zone .

结果HO1主要分布于肾皮质的近端、远端小管以及肾髓质的集合管、髓袢的上皮细胞内；

Results In the cortex , HO 1 mainly distributed in proximal and distal tubules . In the medulla , HO 1 was present in collecting tubules and loops of Henle .

结论：OSAS患者夜间ANF分泌增多以及远端肾小管、收集管浓缩功能增强是这类患者夜间多尿，排Na+、K+、Cl-增多的原因。

Conclusion : The increase of ANF secretion in OSAS patients during sleep and the enhancement of concentrating capacity of the distal tubules and collecting ducts are the reason for diuresis and increased urinary Na + , K + and Cl - excretion .

结果I-AIN常在感染后数日至数月发病，呈轻度蛋白尿、无菌性白细胞尿或（和）血尿，伴近、远端肾小管功能异常，重症出现急性肾衰竭。

Results I-AIN occurred in several days to several months after systemic infection . Clinically the patients had mild proteinuria , leucocyturia and hematuria associated with tubule dysfunction , sometimes with acute renal failure in sever case .

对远端肾小管酸中毒的诊断和治疗进行了讨论。

The diagnosis and treatment of distal renal tubular acidosis were discussed .

远端肾小管酸中毒致泌尿系结石的诊治（附20例报告）

Distal renal tubular acidosis and urolithiasis ( Report of 20 cases )

远端肾小管性酸中毒二例报告

Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis . Report of Two Cases

并讨论了远端肾小管性酸中毒的诊断要点。

The key points of the diagnosis were discussed .

远端肾小管酸中毒的诊断和治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of distal renal tubular acidosis

远端肾小管性酸中毒误诊的分析（附43例报告）

Analysis on Misdiagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis ( report of 43 cases )

对43例远端肾小管性酸中毒误诊和漏诊的原因作了回顾性分析。

The causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in 43 cases of distal renal tubular acidosis were analysed .

为了明确在结石形成伴远端肾小管酸中毒的患者中肾脏的组织改变，我们对五名患者实施了术中肾乳头和皮质活检。

To define the renal tissue changes in stone-forming patients with distal renal tubular acidosis ( dRTA ), we performed intra-operative papillary and cortical biopsies in fie patients .

于治疗前及治疗第1、2、3、4周结束时检测血肌酐、尿素氮，疗程结束后评估近端、远端肾小管功能。

Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined before treatment as well as at the end of Week 1,2,3 and 4.Proximal and distal renal tubular functions were evaluated at the end of the treatment .

研究表明，在饥饿、代谢性酸中毒、肾功能不全、远端肾小管酸中毒及肾结石患者中，肾脏对尿枸橼酸的重吸收增加，尿枸橼酸排泄减少。

It is well known that in patients who suffer from starvation , chronic metabolic acidosis , chronic renal insufficiency , distal renal tubular acidosis and nephrolithiasis , the reabsorption of urinary citrate is increased and the excretion is decreased in kidney .