路易斯结构

画任何路易斯结构第一步，都是先画出它的骨架。

The first step in any Lewis structure is drawing the skeletal structure .

那么，让我们很快地画出臭氧的路易斯结构。

So , let 's quickly go through the Lewis structure for ozone .

我们记得路易斯结构是一个，早于量子力学的概念。

We remember that Lewis structures are an idea that are pre-quantum mechanics .

好，首先，我们看看它的路易斯结构。

Well , first of all , let 's look at the Lewis structure .

那么，今天我们接着讲，继续讨论路易斯结构。

So , today we 're moving on , we 're talking about Lewis structures .

这是检验你的路易斯结构，是否正确的一个好方法。

This is a good way to actually check if your Lewis structure is correct or not .

而每当你遇到需要从几个可能的，路易斯结构中选择的情况。

And you can do this any time if you have Lewis structures that you 're choosing between .

那么，了做到这一点，我将开始介绍，路易斯结构。

So , to do this , what I 'm going to do is introduce the topic of Lewis structures .

那么，大家认为那个原子应该在，亚硫酰氯的路易斯结构的中心位置呢？

So , which atom would you expect to be in the center of a Lewis structure for thionyl chloride ?

好，那么，让我们来把我们的，路易斯结构画在这，硫在中间。

All right . So , let 's go ahead and draw our Lewis structure here with sulfur in the middle .

那么现在我们已经做了足够多的画路易斯结构的练习，让我们来讨论一下如何得出形式电荷。

So now that we have enough practice drawing Lewis structures let 's talk about actually figuring out this formal charge .

因此，下周一上课，我们会先以最简单的例子&甲烷开始，使用这些路易斯结构的规则。

So , what will start with on Monday is doing the most simple example of methane using these Lewis structure rules .

因此我们会专门讲一讲，如何来画路易斯结构，然后再讨论形式电荷与共振论，它们也属于路易斯结构的范畴。

So we 'll talk specifically about drawing Lewis structures and then about formal charge and resonance , which are within Lewis structures .

那么，让我们继续画我们的路易斯结构，看看在得到骨架之后还有哪些规则。

So , let 's go ahead and draw our Lewis structure based on the rest of the rules now that we have a skeleton .

但我想让大家告诉我，从形式电荷的角度考虑，你会预测哪一个路易斯结构是最稳定的？

But I want you to tell me in terms of thinking about formal charge , which Lewis structure would you predict to be the most stable ?

那么，这些就是在我们需要在，不同的路易斯结构之间做选择的时候，我们如何用形式电荷来进行判断的各种方法。

So , these are the different ways that we can actually go ahead and use formal charge when we 're choosing between different types of Lewis structures .

但是随着你在化学上的深入，你会画很多路易斯结构，以至于你可以不用管这些规则就能直接画出来。

But what really happens is as you go on in chemistry , you draw so many of these you can just draw them without following the rules .

好的，这就是我们画路易斯结构，所需要完成的步骤，不管什么样的路易斯结构都要这样做。

All right , so this is the same procedure that we 're going to go through , regardless of what kind of Lewis structure we 're going to draw .

那么，我们的第二步，按照路易斯结构的规则，应该是判断在整个分子中，包含多少个价电子。

So , our second step , as we go through our Lewis structure rules , is to figure out how many valence electrons we have in our entire molecule .

路易斯结构规则的第三步是，找出让分子中每个原子的价壳层，都排满应该需要多少个价电子。

Step three in our Lewis structure rules is to figure out how many electrons we would need in order for every single atom in our molecule to have a full valence shell .

我想说的是这意味着尽管他们早就学完了所有的化学，他们现在都已经是研究生甚至是教授了，但他们依然在不断地写路易斯结构。

And I mean this means way past all the chemistry they 've taken , they 're now graduate students or they 're now professors , and they 're still writing out Lewis structures .

而为了检验任何一个结构是否有效，看它们是不是好的路易斯结构，我们要做的最后一件事就是检查形式电荷。

And the last thing we do for any of our structures to check them and figure out are these valid or not valid , are these good Lewis structures is to check the formal charge .

为了挑选一个具有，最低能量的路易斯结构，你需要把电离能最低的原子，放在最当中的位置。

In terms of picking a Lewis structure that 's going to be the lowest energy , what you want to do is put the atom with the lowest ionization energy in the center of your atom .

而为了在有机化学中思考它，或者如果你对它，有毒的机理感兴趣的话，第一步要做的应该就是画出它的路易斯结构。

And in terms of thinking about it for organic chemistry or if you 're interested in thinking about the mechanism maybe by which it is toxic , a first step would be to draw its Lewis structure .

那么如果我们按照流程，经过所有的步骤来画路易斯结构，我们会得到这样的路易斯结构，然后我们可以算出所有的形式电荷。

So if we went through and drew out our Lewis structure following each of our steps , what we would get is this as our Lewis structure here , and we could figure out all of the formal charges .

这看起来整洁了不少，如果我们把氰化氢的路易斯结构画成这样的话，这样我们就有氢与碳之间的单键和碳与氮之间三键，然后还有一对孤对电子在氮这里。

So it looks a lot less messy if we just draw our Lewis structure like this for h c n , where we have h bonded to c triple bonded to n , and then a lone pair on the nitrogen there .

因此助教可能需要一点时间，如果他们看到你画的路易斯结构以后说，噢，不，不，不，不，这是错的，错得离谱，而他们却不能立刻说出错在哪。

So your TA might take a minute , so be patient with them if they see your structure and they say oh , no , no , no , no that 's wrong , that 's terrible , and they don 't immediately know why .

而当你遇到这些路易斯点结构时，我们会将电子用点来表示，我们马上就会看到，每个点都代表了一个价电子。

And the idea is that when you do these Lewis dot structures , we 're representing electrons with dots , which we 'll see in a minute , and each dot is going to represent a valence electron .

其配体是唾液酸化的路易斯寡糖或类似结构的分子，在中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和正常骨髓前体细胞上大量表达。

Its ligand is sialyl Louis oligosaccharides or similar molecular structure , and expresses in neutrophils , eosinophils and normal bone marrow precursor cells .