直接效应

主要探讨了FDI影响我国产业技术进步的因素，并对FDI的直接效应和间接效应做具体分析。

In Chapter 3 , based on the above analysis , we discuss the factors of FDI technology transferring and analyze the direct effect and indirect effect of FDI .

总结了FDI技术扩散的直接效应，主要包括引进了先进技术和管理经验，优化了出口商品结构，优化了产业结构以及就业效应，并促进了人力资本质量的提高。

Summarizes FDI and technology diffusion of direct effect , mainly include the introduced advanced technology and management experience , optimized the export structure , optimize industrial structure and employment effects and to promote the improvement of the quality of human capital .

本文根据上海市大中型工业企业技术引进的实际情况，借助于新古典增长理论的分析框架，研究了技术贸易和FDI两种主要的技术引进方式的直接效应。

This paper explores the direct growth effects of ownership and technology imports under the framework of neoclassical economic theory .

MFB是ECM的合成、分泌的直接效应细胞。

MFB is the direct effector cells which can synthetic and secrete the ECM .

研究结果表明：从总体来看，FDI对上海的就业具有明显的促进作用，但是直接效应与间接效应，以及直接效应和间接效应的细分因素的分析结果却大相径庭。

The result shows that FDI is clearly good for the employment of Shanghai , but the results of direct effects , indirect effects and the factors these two effects have been subdivided are quite different .

AsA-POD（PEG胁迫）和SOD（NaCl胁迫）分别对细胞生存力有正的较大的直接效应和间接效应，而CAT的直接、间接效应均为负值。

Also , AsA-POD ( PEG treatment ) / SOD ( NaCl treatment ) had positive direct and indirect effect to TTC reduction , and CAT had negative effect .

镁对可溶性总糖、粗蛋白、维生素VB1含量的直接效应为负值。

The direct effects of magnesium on soluble sugar , rough protein and vitamin B1 were negative .

这种区域就业差异与FDI的区域偏向和选择有很大的关联性。其作用机理在于FDI的直接效应和间接效应带来了区域间就业机会特别是非农就业机会的转移。

The regional employment disparity have much to do with the preference and selection of FDI in regions , the mechanism is that FDI 's direct and indirect effects bring the job opportunities especially the non-agricultural job opportunities ' transfer among regions .

目的：用化学发光法检测O2、CO2、CO和正庚烷（CxHy）四种气体对离体家兔肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）的直接效应。

Objective : To examine the direct effects of four gases-O 2 , CO 2 , CO and heptane ( CxHy ) on chemiluminescence of in vitro alveolus macrophage ( AM ) from rabbits with a luminescence technique .

穗下茎秆长、穗下生物鲜重、茎秆长粗比、茎粗和穗位高对UVSRP的作用表现为较大的负向直接效应。

The stalk length below ear , the fresh plant weight below ear , the rate between length and width of stalk , the stalk width and the ear height had fairly negative direct effect .

种间竞争对扩散的直接效应不显著；

However the effects of interspecific competition on dispersal were insignificant .

然后从直接效应和间接效应两个方面详细探讨了外商直接投资对中国经济增长的正面影响。

Then we analyze the positive influence on economic growth of China .

土壤中重金属铅对不同AM真菌生长发育的直接效应研究

Direct Effects of Lead Contamination on the Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

株高对穗粒重的直接效应不明显。

Plant height had not significantly direct effect to kernel weight of spike .

但对于资产配置者而言，油价上涨并没有直接效应。

But for asset allocators , the effect of rising oil is not straightforward .

结果表明，各性状对单株花产量的直接效应大小顺序是；

The results indicated that all factors effect on the flower yield per plant directly .

年龄对加工速度、加工速度对工作记忆均存在直接效应。

Age to processing speed , processing speed to working memory have a direct effect .

第三，加工速度对一般流体智力的直接效应显著；

Thirdly , the direct effect of processing speed on general fluid intelligence is significant ;

但是对一般晶体智力的直接效应并不显著；

But the direct effect of processing speed on general crystallized intelligence is not significant .

满意度对旅游者忠诚度的直接效应大于间接效应，因此满意度对旅游者忠诚度的影响为直接影响。

Satisfaction and loyalty of the tourists is greater than the direct effect of indirect effect .

法治正是加大控制股东成本的最便宜、最具有直接效应的手段。

And company law is the most direct effect means to regulate controlling shareholders with fewest costs .

另一方面，税收竞争对经济效率的直接效应也呈现出消极的表现。

On the other hand , tax competition in the direct mechanism also shows a negative performance .

两种技术引进方式的直接效应研究&上海市大中型工业企业的微观实证

Direct Growth Effects of Ownership and Technology Imports : Firm Level Evidence from Large and Medium-Enterprises in Shanghai

直接效应营销人员的工作就是消除浪费。

As a direct marketer , it is my job is to get rid of all the waste .

圈闭评价工作是油气资源评价的一部分，圈闭评价的直接效应是钻探；

The evaluation of traps is a part of work in the evaluation of resources of petroleum and gas .

通过通径分析明确了各粘度性状对馒头品质的直接效应和间接效应。

Direct and indirect effects between viscosity traits and steamed bread quality are revealed by using path coefficient analysis .

该模型不但可以研究变量间的直接效应，还可以研究间接效应；

LISREL model can explore not only the direct actions among the variables , but also the indirect actions .

和消极应对对军事应激条件下军人心理健康的直接效应是显著的。

There was close relation between passive coping , N and mental health status of military personnel in military stress .

家庭、社会、不良行为及个体倾向对青少年性健康行为产生直接效应，而家庭、社会分别通过不良行为和个体倾向对青少年的性健康行为起间接效应。

Family , community , malfunctioned behavior and individual tendencies have a direct effect on adolescents ' sexual health behavior .

第二，中央执行功能对一般流体智力和一般晶体智力的直接效应都很显著；

Secondly , the direct effect of the central executive on general fluid intelligence and general crystallized intelligence is significant ;