瑕疵出资

有限责任公司股东瑕疵出资的若干民事法律后果分析

A Study on Some Civil Legal Consequences Caused by Defective Contribution of Shareholders

瑕疵出资人能否转让其瑕疵股权也存在争议。

Defective capital contribution one can transfer the defective equity is also controversial .

其次对瑕疵出资股东的股东资格问题进行详细分析。

Secondly , the problem of the shareholders equality of the defective share is analyzed detailedly .

瑕疵出资及其民事责任的深层基础在于出资制度和出资义务。

The investment defect and its civil liability are deeply based on the funding system and investment obligations .

首先分别分析了瑕疵出资股东对公司、对其他股东、对债权人承担的责任。

The responsibilities to the company and the other shareholders and the responsibilities to the creditors are anglicized firstly .

在此基础上，笔者以责任对象为划分标准，详细讨论了瑕疵出资股东与受让人对公司、守约股东以及公司债权人的民事责任。

The author then discusses the liabilities of defective equity shareholder to the company , other shareholders and creditors respectively .

有限责任公司瑕疵出资引发的有限责任公司瑕疵股权转让纠纷在实践中不断涌现。

Limited liability company defects caused by the capital of a limited liability company flaws equity transfer dispute in practice emerge .

股东瑕疵出资后，便产生瑕疵股权，由此引发一系列法律问题。

After the defective capital contribution of shareholders , the defective share arises , which results in a series of legal problems .

本文以一般意义上的有限责任公司为考察对象，试对股东瑕疵出资产生的瑕疵股权的转让问题加以探讨。

Therefore the article mainly discusses the problems of the transfer to defective capital contribution with the center of the limited liability corporation .

同时，公司法理论研究更多侧重于股东的瑕疵出资责任，也缺乏这方面系统性的论述。

Meanwhile , legal theory of corporations lays more emphasis on the defective capital contribution of shareholders and lacks the systematic discussions in this respect .

出资是股东对公司最基本的义务，各国公司法立法都规定了股东违反出资义务的严格责任，但是瑕疵出资在实践中并不鲜见。

Although the strict invest liability to shareholders have been ruled in national company legislation , in Practice , defective capital contribution is not infrequent behavior .

尽管各国立法对公司出资人的出资责任作出了严格的规定，但在实践中瑕疵出资仍是颇为普遍的现象。

Although legislations of many countries have strict regulations on the responsibility of capital contribution of the stockholders , defective capital contribution is still commonly seen .

对出资义务的违反是形成瑕疵出资的根本原因，出资义务的性质决定了出资责任的性质。

Breach of obligations on investment is the formation of the causes of defects . The nature of investment obligations decides the nature of the funding responsibility .

进而对瑕疵出资的概念和特征进行深入分析，揭示当下不同观点的优劣，并构成文章的逻辑起点。

And then the concept and characteristic of flaws contributive in-depth analysis , reveals the disadvantages of current different views , and form the logic starting point .

瑕疵出资的现实存在直接导致瑕疵股权的产生，这为瑕疵股权转让的形成奠定了物质基础。

The defective capital contribution , which is the foundation of the transfer of defective stock rights , directly leads to the formation of defective stock rights .

笔者认为，除了瑕疵出资致使公司法人人格否认的情形，其他情况下瑕疵出资股权转让合同应为有效合同。

The author believes that , equity transfer contract in the case of defect contribution shall be valid , apart from corporate legal person gird denial causing by defect contribution .

其中刑事责任的承担主要体现为当瑕疵出资达到严重程度构成犯罪时，行政责任的承担主要体现在责令改正或者罚款等方面。

Criminal Responsibility will be shouldered mainly when defects contribution reaches a very severity degree that constituted a crime , administrative accountability is mainly reflected in ordered to make corrections or fines .

随着我国法定资本制度的弱化，瑕疵出资的情形层出不穷，给公司本身、其他股东以及公司债权人都带来了多方面的隐性风险。

With the weakening of our statutory capital system , defective capital contribution emerges endlessly and this brings many hidden risks to the company itself , other shareholders and the creditors of the company .

接下来介绍了当前理论界和实务界针对这两个问题的不同学说与做法，并提出了自己的观点。二、瑕疵出资是形成瑕疵股权的主要原因。

Then the different theories and practices against these two questions are introduced , and I put forward my own point . Second , the defective stock rights are mainly caused by defective capital contribution .

因此，研究并构建一套合理的瑕疵出资责任体系以保证合法出资股东及第三方的合法权益是是非必要和迫切的。

Therefore , research and build a reasonable flaw exists a responsibility system to ensure the legitimate contribution of the legitimate rights and interests of the shareholders and third parties is not necessary and urgent .

最后具体分析瑕疵出资责任的分担。即结合每种责任性质的特征和股权转让的不同情形，对责任分担进行确认。

In the last place , the author analyzes specifically the share system of defective contribution responsibility , ie combine with every responsibility characteristic and different conditions of stock right transfer , affirm the responsibility share .

股东瑕疵出资形成的瑕疵股权转让相关问题，现行法律没有明确规定；同时公司法理论研究更多侧重于瑕疵出资人的责任，对此也缺乏系统性的论述。

In the present law there is no definite regulation of the transfer of defective capital contribution ; at the same time the theory also lays its emphasis upon the liability of the defective capital contributor .

文章首先分析了瑕疵出资人的法律地位，在此基础之上辩证的运用商法思维和民法思维，分析了瑕疵出资股权转让合同的效力。

The paper discusses legal status of defects investors firstly , and then analyses contract effectiveness and liability issues of Defective Share Transfer on this basis , using of dialectical thinking of commercial law and civil law .

但由于瑕疵出资而引起的瑕疵股权的存在，加上我国相关法律对此还没有明确规定，因此，瑕疵股权出质的法律效力如何值得研究。

However , as the existence of defective shares caused by defective funding , coupled with Chinese relevant laws have not yet clearly defined it , the validity of the pledge of defective shares is worth to discuss .

最后，明确抽逃出资不属于违反出资义务的形态，瑕疵出资是违反出资义务表现形式之一。第三章：股东违反出资义务的民事责任。

Finally , make clear that contribution flight do not belong to the violation of investment obligation , the contribution flaw is one form of violation of investment obligation . Chapter ⅲ: Shareholders ' civil liability for violating investment obligation .

按照瑕疵出资的不同分类标准，股东瑕疵出资的表现形式分为出资义务的不履行和出资义务的不当履行。第二章，瑕疵出资股权转让合同的效力。

Accordance with the different classification criteria , defects of contribution usually performs as the non-performance and improper performance on the responsibility of capital investment . Chapter ⅱ discusses the legal effect of the transfer agreements with defective capital contribution .

在此基础上提出出资与股东资格之间不是一一对应关系，瑕疵出资者仍享有股东资格，瑕疵股权可以转让。

Then , the viewpoint that the relationship between the qualifications of investors and shareholders is not a one-to-one is raised . Shareholders will continue to enjoy their right . The defects will not influence the transfer of defective capital contribution .

因此，结合我国现行法律的规定，提出如何完善我国股东瑕疵出资民事责任相关规定的建议，以期我国的公司制度更为科学和完善。

Therefore , according to the current laws in our country the author proposes how to consummate stipulations related on shareholder slight defect investment civil liability in our country , so that the company system is more scientific and complete in the our country .

在本章的最后，对瑕疵出资与股东资格进行讨论，指出瑕疵出资者是否能取得股东资格经历了一个从否定到肯定的过程。

At the end of the chapter , the author discusses the defective contribution and the shareholder qualification , and points out that the qualification of shareholder who contributes to the company defectively experienced a process of changing from being denied to being affirmed .

在现实的司法实践中，针对瑕疵出资股东权利实施限制的案例不断增多，这是善尽出资义务股东在出资监控中与瑕疵出资股东相互博弈的结果。

In the reality judicial practice , the trail towards restricting the power of defective capital contribution is increasing , and this is the game playing result between the shareholders of fulfilling the capital contribution obligation and defective capital contribution during capital contribution monitoring .