横向垄断协议

纵向垄断协议作为垄断协议的一种，与横向垄断协议在行为主体、协议目的及其协议存在的方式等方面均存在不同。

As one kind of monopoly agreement , the Vertical Agreements has a lot of differences with the horizontal agreements , such as the subject , the aim and the form of existing of the agreement and so on .

出于各种考虑，各国反垄断法在概括禁止横向垄断协议的同时，往往又会网开一面，允许其在特定情况下合法存在，这就是横向垄断协议豁免制度。

For various reasons , although anti & monopoly laws of all countries forbid the horizontal agreement , such laws also will give the wrongdoer a way out , allowing its legal existence under certain circumstances , which constitutes the exemption system of horizontal agreements .

专利联营能够通过横向垄断协议、纵向垄断协议、滥用市场支配地位来形成垄断。

Patent pool act through horizontal agreement , vertical agreement and abusing of dominant position .

但是，这里的禁止也并非绝对禁止，横向垄断协议也不是一种绝对违法行为。

But the forbiddance here is not absolute and the horizontal agreement is not an absolutely illegal behavior .

专利联营的横向垄断协议表现形式有：固定价格、限制产量、划分市场及联合抵制交易。

Horizontal agreement of patent pool includes fixing price , reduce output , allocation of markets and group boycotts .

对纵向垄断协议的认定和豁免的确具有其独特性，因为此类协议并不像横向垄断协议那样对竞争有普遍的危害性。

The recognition and immunity of vertical price monopoly agreement are unique , because they will cause less harm comparing with horizontal monopoly agreement .

在早期反垄断法理论和实践中，认为纵向垄断协议会减弱品牌内部的竞争，对竞争产生消极效果，因而与横向垄断协议一样采取比较严厉的态度。

It is said that the vertical monopoly agreement contributes to the impair interior competition and make negative effect in earlier theory and practice of Antirust law , so they are banned as horizontal monopoly agreement .