成本谈判

在服务产品增加的农产品供应链中，努力成本和谈判力是对绩效改进非常重要的外生参数。

In agricultural products supply chains with adding service products , the effort costs and negotiating power are very important exogenous parameters for improving performance .

从效率的角度出发，笔者着重分析了影响自我交易规制原则效率的各种因素，包括信息成本、谈判成本、司法干涉成本和市场机制等。

From efficient point of view , the factors influencing the efficiency of controlling rules include information costs , negotiation costs , adjudication costs and market mechanisms .

有关如何分摊减排成本的谈判更是障碍重重，因为谈判各国所处的发展水平差别巨大，对造成目前气候问题的排放所需承担的责任也极为不同。

Particularly fraught will be discussions over the distribution of the costs of mitigation among countries that are at very different levels of development and have very different degrees of responsibility for the emissions that created the current problem .

交易成本理论、谈判理论和产权理论构成了法经济学的三个基本理论。

The paper holds that transaction cost theory , negotiation theory and property right theory are three basic theories of law and economics .

成员之间的义务与期望降低了机会主义行为发生的可能，也降低了成员间信息收集成本，节约谈判费用、签约费用，中国农村拥有的这种社会资本同样具有价值，可以用作抵押和担保。

The duty and expectation between the members reduce the opportunistic behavior and the cost of information gathering , negotiation and signing of contract .

这涉及到中国的劳动力成本、集体谈判和集体合同、跨国公司的生产守则、职工参与等问题。

This problem will relate to the cost of labor force , collective bargaining and collective contract , productive rules and workers ' involvement management in transnational corporations .

通用和gaz有着长期的联系，过去还曾就为俄罗斯开发低成本汽车进行过谈判。

GM and gaz have long-running ties , and in the past held talks on developing a low-cost car for Russia .

鉴于应对全球变暖问题所需国际行动的紧迫性、规模和成本，同意启动谈判看上去也许意义并不重大。

Agreeing to start talks might not sound much given the urgency , scale and cost of international action that is needed to combat global warming .

首先研究了谈判成本的构成问题，分别为显性谈判成本和隐性谈判成本。

First , the constitution of negotiation cost was studied , and it could be classified as explicit and implicit cost .

交易成本中主要包含了运输成本、信息收集成本、谈判签约成本等。提高交易效率可以降低交易成本。

The transaction cost mainly includes transportation cost , information collection cost , negotiation and endorsement cost etc. High transaction efficiency gives rise to less transaction cost .